Adaptive Control of Denitrification by the Extended Kalman Filter in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

확장형칼만필터에 의한 연속회분식반응조의 탈질 적응제어

  • 김동한 (서원대학교 환경건설정보학과)
  • Received : 2006.07.07
  • Accepted : 2006.11.30
  • Published : 2006.12.15

Abstract

The reaction rate of denitrification is primarily affected by the utilization of organics that are usually limited in the anoxic period in a sequencing batch reactor. It is necessary to add an extemal carbon source for sufficient denitrification. An adaptive model of state-space based on the extended Kalman filter is applied to manipulate the dosage rate of extemal carbon automatically. Control strategies for denitrification have been studied to improve control performance through simulations. The normal control strategy of the constant set-point results in the overdosage of external carbon and deterioration of water quality. To prevent the overdosage of external carbon, improved control strategies such as the constrained control action, variable set-point, and variable set-point after dissolved oxygen depletion are required. More stable control is obtained through the application of the variable set-point after dissolved oxygen depletion. The converging value of the estimated denitrification coefficient reflects conditions in the reactor.

Keywords

References

  1. Arora, M.L., Barth, E.F., and Umphres, M.B. (1985) Technology Evaluation of Sequencing Batch Reactors, J. WPCF, 57(8), pp. 867-875
  2. Ayesa, E., Florez, J., Garcia-Heras, J.L., and Larrea, L. (1991) State and Coefficients Estimation for the Activated Sludge Process Using a Modified Kalman Filter Algorithm, Wat. Sci. Tech., 24(6), pp. 235-247
  3. Beck, M.B. (1981) Operational Estimation and Prediction of Nitrification Dynamics in the Activated Sludge Process, Wat. Res., 15, pp. 1313-1330 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(81)90004-X
  4. Burden, R.L., Faires, J.D. and Reynolds, A.C. (1986) Numerical Analysis Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, Boston
  5. Ekman, M., Samuelsson, P. and Carlsson, B. (2003) Adaptive Control of the Nin-ate Level in an Activated Sludge Process, Wat. Sci. Tech., 47(111), pp. 137-144
  6. EPA (1993) Manual Nitrogen Control, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC
  7. Gelb, A. (ed.), Kasper, J.F., Nash, R,A., Price, C.F. and Sutherland, A.A. (1979) Applied Optimal Estimation. The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge
  8. Henze, M., Gujer, W., Mino, T., Matsuo, T., Wentzel, M.C. and Marais, G.v,R. (1997) Activated Sludge Model No.2. IAWQ Scientific and Technical Report No.3, IAWQ, London
  9. Henze, M., Gujer, W., Mino, T. and van Loosdrecht, M. (2000) Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. Scientific and Technical Report No.9, IWA Publishing, London
  10. Irvine, R.L. and Ketchum, L.H. (1989) Sequencing Batch Reactors for Biological Wastewater Treatment, CRC Crit, Rev. Environ, Control, 18(4), pp. 255-294 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643388909388350
  11. Isaacs, S., Henze, M. and Kiimmel, M. (1995) An Adaptive Algorithm for External Carbon Addition to an Alternating Activated Sludge Process for Nutrient Removal from Waste Water, Chem. Engng Sci., 50(4), pp. 617-629 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(94)00253-N
  12. Jeppsson, U. and Olsson, G. (1993) Reduced Order Models for On-Line Parameter Identification of the Activated Sludge Process, Wat. Sci. Tech., 28(11-12), pp. 173-183
  13. Ketchum, Jr., L.H. (1997) Design and Physical Features of Sequencing Batch Reactors, Wat. Sci. Tech., 35(1), pp. 11-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(96)00873-6
  14. Kim, D.H. and Chung, T.H. (1999) Dynamic Simulation for Biological Nutrient Removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Using a Mathematical Model, Environmental Modeling, Singh, V,P., Seo, I.W, and Sonu, J.H., ed., Water Resources Publications, LLC, Highlands Ranch, pp. 201-214
  15. Kim, D.H. and Chung, T.H. (2003) State-Space Model for the Estimation of States and Parameters in a Sequencing Batch Reactor, J. KSWW, 17(6), pp. 848-861
  16. Lindberg, C.-F. and Carlsson, B. (1996a) Adaptive Control of External Carbon Flow Rate in an Activated Sludge Process, Wat. Sci. Tech., 34(3-4), pp. 173-180
  17. Lindberg, C.-F. and Carlsson, B. (1996b) Estimation of the Respiration Rate and Oxygen Transfer Function Utilizing a Slow DO Sensor, Wat. Sci. Tech., 33(1), pp. 325-333