References
- American Dietetic Association. 2004. Functional Foods: Position of the American Dietetic Association. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 104:814-826 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.03.015
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edn, AOAC, Washington, DC
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn, AOAC, Arlington, VA
- Belury, M. A. 2002. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by conjugated linoleic acid: Potential mechanisms of action. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 132:2995-2998
- Bhuiyan, A. K. M. J., S. Jackson, D. M. Turnbull, A. Aynsley- Green, J. V. Leonard and K. Bartlett. 1992. The measurement of carnitine and acyl-carnitines: Application to the investigation of patients with suspected inherited disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Clin. Chim. Acta. 207:185-204
- Chen, Y. J., O. S. Kwon, B. J. Min, K. S. Son, J. H. Cho, J. W. Hong and I. H. Kim. 2005. The effects of dietary Biotite V supplementation as an alternative substance to antibiotics in growing pigs. . Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1642-1645 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1642
- Chevallier, A. 1998. Die BLV Enzyklopaedie der Heil Pflanze. BLV Verlagsgesselschaft , Muenchen. p. 281
- Farrell, D. J. 1998. Enrichment of hen eggs with n-3 long-chain fatty acids and evaluation of enriched eggs in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68:538-544 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.3.538
- Fritz, I. B. and K. T. N. Yue. 1963. Long-chain carnitine acyltransferase and the role of acylcarnitine derivatives in the catalytic increase of fatty acid oxidation induced by carnitine. J. Lipid. Res. 4:279-288
-
Han, Y. K., D. K. Kim and J. Y. Lee. 2001. Effects of Zizyphus Vulgaris supplementation on growth and blood cortisol and
$\beta$ - endorphin in weanling pigs. Kyunghee Med. 17:183-186 - Heylen, K. 1999. Variation von anatomosch-physiologischen Merkmalen sowie Merkmalen der Fleischqualitaet im M.longissimus thoracis et lumborum des Schweines unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung des intramusklaeren Fettgehaltes. Dissertation. Institut fuer Tierzucht und Tierhaltung mit Tierklinik, Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle- Wittenberg, Halle
- Kang, S. W., J. S. Kim, W. M. Cho, H. Y. Chung, K. S. Ki and S. B. Choi. 2002. Effect of red clay (Hwangto) on growth performance and carcass characteristics in growing-fattening Hanwoo steers. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Kor). 44:315-326 https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2002.44.3.315
- Korean Rural Development Administration. 1997. Methods for the pork carcass dissection. CD-Rom version
-
Ku, P. K., W. T. Ely, A. W. Groce and D. E. Ullrey. 1972. Natural dietary selenium,
$\alpha$ -tocopherol and effect on tissue selenium. J. Anim. Sci. 34:208-211 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.342208x - Lewis, N. M., S. Seburg and N. L. Flanagan. 2000. Enriched eggs as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans. Poult. Sci. 79:971-974 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.7.971
- Mahan, D. C., T. R. Cline and B. Richert. 1999. Effects of dietary levels of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite as selenium sources fed to growing-finishing pigs on performance, tissue selenium, serum glutathione peroxidase activity, carcass characteristics, and loin quality. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2172-2179 https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.7782172x
- Mahan, D. C. and N. A. Parrett. 1996. Evaluating the efficacy of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in grower and finisher swine. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2967-2974
- Mahan, D. C., J. H. Brendemuhl, S. D. Carter, L. I. Chiba, T. D. Crenshaw, G. L. Cromwell, C. R. Dove, A. F. Harper, G. M. Hill, G. R. Hollis, S. W. Kim, M. D. Lindemann, C. V. Maxwell, P. S. Miller, J. L. Nelssen, B. T. Richert, L. L. Southern, T. S. Stahly, H. H. Stein, E. van Heugten and J. T. Yen. 2005. Comparison of dietary selenium fed to growerfinisher pigs from various regions of the United States on resulting tissue Se and loin mineral concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 83:852-857
- McGarry, J. D. and D. W. Foster. 1976. An improved and simplified radioisotopic assay for the determination of free and esterified carnitine. J. Lipid Res. 17:277-281
- National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th ed. NAS-NRC, Washington, DC
- Newton, G. L. and K. D. Haydon. 1989. Carnitine supplementation for finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 67 (Suppl. 1):267(Abstr.)
- Ou, M. 1989. Chinese-English Manual of Common-Used Herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Joint Publishing Co., Hong Kong
- Owen, K. Q., T. L. Weeden, J. L. Nelssen, S. A. Blum and R. D. Goodband. 1993. The effect of L-carnitine additions on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 71(Suppl. 1):62 (Abstr.)
- Owen, K. Q., J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach and K. G. Friesen. 2001a. Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition in nursery and growingfinishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1509-1515
- Owen, K. Q., H. Ji, C. V. Maxwell, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, G. C. Tremblay and S. I. Koo. 2001b. Dietary L-carnitine suppresses mitochondrial branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity and enhances protein accretion and carcass characteristics of swine. J. Anim. Sci. 79:3104-3112
- Park, K. M., Y. K. Han and K. W. Park. 2000. Effects of Jujube fruit-mix supplementation on the growth performance and serum growth hormone in weaned pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13:791-794 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.791
- Prabucki, A. L., L. Rennerova, H. Vogtmann, C. Wenk and A. Schuerch. 1975. Die Verwendung von 4-N HCL-unloeslicher Asche als Indikator zur Bestimmung der Verdaulichkeit. Institut fuer Tierernaehrung, ETH Zuerich. Misc. Pap. Landbouwhogesch. Weningen. 11:113-114
- Ryu, D. O. 1997. The miracle red clay. ISBN:8972924059. Haengrim Publishing Company, Seoul
- Schneider, B. H. and W. P. Flatt. 1975. The Evaluation of Feeds Through Digestibility Experiments. University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia p. 423
- Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1980. Statistical Methods. 7th ed. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa
- Thacker, P. A. 2003. Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing graded levels of Biotite, an aluminosilicate clay. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:1666-1672 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1666
- Thomke, K. E., O. Dahl and K. A. Persson. 1965. Tocopherol and selenium in pig rations, including an assessment of meat quality parameters. Acta. Agric. Scand. 15:262-274 https://doi.org/10.1080/00015126509433122
- Unruh, J. A., K. G. Friesen, S. R. Stuewe, B. L. Dunn, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband and M. D. Tokach. 1996. The influence of genotype, sex, and dietary lysine on pork subprimal cut yields and carcass quality of pigs fed to either 104 or 127 kilograms. J. Anim. Sci. 74:274-1283
- Wildman, R. E. 2001. Nutraceuticals: A brief review of historical and teleological aspects. In: Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. (Ed. R. E. Wildman). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 1-12
- Yang, S. Z. 1998. The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica. Blue Poppy Press. Boulder, Co
Cited by
- Clays as dietary supplements for swine: A review vol.6, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0037-9