Synthesis of Realistic Facial Expression using a Nonlinear Model for Skin Color Change

비선형 피부색 변화 모델을 이용한 실감적인 표정 합성

  • Lee Jeong-Ho (Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Park Hyun (Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Moon Young-Shik (Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • 이정호 (한양대학교 컴퓨터공학과) ;
  • 박현 (한양대학교 컴퓨터공학과) ;
  • 문영식 (한양대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
  • Published : 2006.05.01

Abstract

Facial expressions exhibit not only facial feature motions, but also subtle changes in illumination and appearance. Since it is difficult to generate realistic facial expressions by using only geometric deformations, detailed features such as textures should also be deformed to achieve more realistic expression. The existing methods such as the expression ratio image have drawbacks, in that detailed changes of complexion by lighting can not be generated properly. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear model for skin color change and a model-based synthesis method for facial expression that can apply realistic expression details under different lighting conditions. The proposed method is composed of the following three steps; automatic extraction of facial features using active appearance model and geometric deformation of expression using warping, generation of facial expression using a model for nonlinear skin color change, and synthesis of original face with generated expression using a blending ratio that is computed by the Euclidean distance transform. Experimental results show that the proposed method generate realistic facial expressions under various lighting conditions.

얼굴의 표정은 얼굴의 구성요소같은 기하학적 정보와 조명이나 주름 같은 세부적인 정보들로 표현된다. 얼굴 표정은 기하학적 변형만으로는 실감적인 표정을 생성하기 힘들기 때문에 기하학적 변형과 더불어 텍스처 같은 세부적인 정보도 함께 변형해야만 실감적인 표현을 할 수 있다. 표정비율이미지 (Expression Ratio Image)같은 얼굴 텍스처의 세부적인 정보를 변형하기 위한 기존 방법들은 조명에 따른 피부색의 변화를 정확히 표현할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 서로 다른 조명 조건에서도 실감적인 표정 텍스처 정보를 적용할 수 있는 비선형 피부색 모델 기반의 표정 합성방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 동적 외양 모델을 이용한 자동적인 얼굴 특징 추출과 와핑을 통한 표정 변형 단계, 비선형 피부색 변화 모델을 이용한 표정 생성 단계, 유클리디 거리 변환 (Euclidean Distance Transform)에 의해 계산된 혼합 비율을 사용한 원본 얼굴 영상과 생성된 표정의 합성 등 총 3 단계로 구성된다. 실험결과는 제안된 방법이 다양한 조명조건에서도 자연스럽고 실감적인 표정을 표현한다는 것을 보인다.

Keywords

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