한국안전학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Safety)

  • 제21권5호
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  • Pages.103-111
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  • 2006
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  • 1738-3803(pISSN)
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  • 2383-9953(eISSN)
한국안전학회 (The Korean Society of Safety)
권호 표지

운전모의장치를 이용한 고령자의 운전특성 연구

A Study on Driving Characteristics of the Elderly Driver using a Driving Simulator

  • 발행 : 2006.10.31
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초록

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationships between cognitive abilities and driving characteristics of elderly drivers. Driving characteristics of elderly and younger drivers who were driving a fixed base driving simulator vehicle were examined. Participants consisted of 12 drivers over age 65 (the 'older' group) and 12 drivers between the ages of 25 and 55 (the "younger" group). As indices of cognitive ability, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) tests and cognitive reaction tests were given before the driving task. CFF was also tested after the simulated driving task for both groups. Cognitive reaction tests, which were composed of speed estimation tests, multiple choice reaction tests and obstacle avoidance tests, were developed by the Korean Road Traffic Safety Authority in 2003. CFF values between the two groups exhibited significant differences both before and after the task, with a p-value less than 0.01 and a t-value of -3.01 before the test and a p-value less than 0.031 and a t-value of -2.35 after the test. Older drivers' CFF values were lower than those of the younger. However, there was no difference in older or younger driver CFF values before and after the task within the same group. Except for the multiple choice reaction test, there was no difference in cognitive reaction test results between the two groups. The elderly drivers made more errors though they did not differ from the younger drivers in reaction times. At the simulated driving task the reaction time of the elderly driver was longer than that of the younger; however, the driving speed of the elderly was lower and the number of collisions greater. There was a positive correlation (r=.496) between the number of errors in the multiple choice reaction test and the number of collisions in the driving task. Therefore, it was identified that critical attributes contributing to automobile crashes involving elderly drivers included cognitive difficulty in judging and responding to complex situations.

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참고문헌

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  22. 동요도v(%)=$\frac{표준편차}{평균추정반응시간(10회기준}\times100$
  23. 동요도 qv(%)= $\frac{표준편차}{평균반응시간(12회기준)}\times100$
  24. 연습효과 = $\frac{처음1/3의오류수-끝1/3의오류수}{처음1/3의오류수}\times100$
  25. 그래프의 person은 노인과 청장년군의 각각의 개별피험자
  26. 그래프의 person은 노인과 청장년군의 각각의 개별피험자
  27. 고령자 12명중 3명은 처음부터 시뮬레이터 멀미로 모의주행에서 제외시켰으며, 2명은 중도에 포기함으로서 분석에서 제외함
  28. 조향휠 조작 유무의 판단 기준은 -(좌), +(우)로 5, 즉 土5인 $5^\circ$ 이상의 값을 장애물에 대한 회피 동작으로 분석
  29. 각 시나리오에서 해당 이벤트가 발생하여 끝나는 구간 내에서 그 답력 3 이상을 감속페달의 조작으로 정의
  30. 실험 전 CFF치에 있어서는 고령집단의 실험에 대한 이해도가 부족하여 다소 편차가 심하게 나왔으므로 안정적인 결과를 기대할 수 있는 실험 후 CFF치로 비교함
  31. '대형차 끼어들기'상황에서 r=-.537(p<.010)로 유의미한 결과, 기타 상황에서도 r=.346 이상이었으나 유의미한 결과는 아님. 이는 다른 상황은 이미 속도를 낮춘 예기된 상황임과도 관계가 있음