Romantic Attachment and Interpersonal Problems of College Students

대학생들의 낭만적 애착과 대인관계문제에 관한 연구

  • Published : 2006.07.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the romantic attachment and interpersonal problems of college students. The subjects of this study were 220 college students in Seoul and A-san. The romantic attachment was assessed by the multi-item measure of adult romantic attachment (Brennan et al., 1998) and the interpersonal problems were assessed by KIIP (Cho & Park, 2005). The major findings of this study were as follows: First, 44.5% of the subjects were classified as fearful, 26.8% as secure, 18.6% as dismissing, and 10.0% as preoccupied. Second, a significant difference among romantic attachment groups was found with the fearful group reporting a higher level of interpersonal problems than the secure and dismissing groups. Gender was a significant factor on independent problem in interpersonal problems. Third, avoidance and anxiety of romantic attachment dimensions were positively correlated with interpersonal problems. There was a gender difference in the relationship between avoidance of romantic attachment dimension and overgenerous in interpersonal problems. Avoidance of romantic attachment dimension in female students was negatively correlated with overgenerous in interpersonal problems.

Keywords

References

  1. 권석만(1995). 대학생의 대인관계 부적응에 대한 인지 행동적 설명모형. 학생연구, 30(1), 38-63
  2. 권석만, 김지영(2002). 자기 및 타인 표상과 대인관계 문제의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 21(4), 705-726
  3. 권아현(2000). 애착유형에 따른 자아상이 대인지각에 미치는 영향. 연세대학교 석사학위논문
  4. 김정운, 권석만, 정남운(2000). 한국판 대인관계문제 척도의 개발: 요인구조 및 심리 측 정적 특성. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 12(1), 153-175
  5. 김희진(1995). 자녀 양육에 대한 한국과 미국 어머니들의 신념 비교 연구. 유아교육연구, 15(2), 5-22
  6. 이 옥, 장혜경(1995). 청소년 자녀에 대한 아버지 양육태도 관련변인. 교육연구, 4, 39-58. 덕성여자대학교 교육 연구소
  7. 장휘숙(2002). 애착과 사랑양식 및 관련변인들의 관계. 한국 심리학회지: 발달, 15(4), 93-111
  8. 조윤주, 박장희(2005). 대학생의 개체화유형과 대인관계문제에 관한 연구. 인간발달연구, 12(3), 89-108
  9. Anders, S. L., & Tucker, J. S. (2000). Adult attachment style, interpersonal communication competence, and social support. Personal Relationships, 7(4), 379-389 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2000.tb00023.x
  10. Backstrom, M., & Holmes, B. M. (2001). Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of two self-report instruments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 79-86 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00216
  11. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, I. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 61(2), 226-224 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
  12. Brennan, K. A, Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R(1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In Simpson, J. A, & Rholes, W. S. (Eds), Attachment theory and close relationships. NY: The Guilford Press
  13. Brennan, K. A, & Shaver, P. R. (1995). Dimensions of adult attachment, affect regulation, and romantic relationship functioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(3), 267-283 https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167295213008
  14. Carver, C. S. (1997). Adult attachment and personality: Converging evidence and a new measure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(8), 865-883 https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297238007
  15. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult Attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
  16. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representations of attachment: The structure and function of working models. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment processes in adulthood: Advances in personal relationships. London: Kingsley
  17. Diehl, M., Elnick, A H., Bourbeau, L. S., & LabouvieVief, G. (1998). Adult attachment styles: Their relations to family context and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1656-1669 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1656
  18. Feeney, J. A (1999). Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment. New York: Guilford
  19. Feeney, J. A, & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment styles as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 58(2), 281-291 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.281
  20. Fraley, R. C., & Davis, K. E. (1997). Attachment formation and transfer in young adults' close friendships and romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 4(2), 131-144 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x
  21. Fraley, R. C, Davis, K. E., & Shaver, P. R. (1995). Attachment behavior and relationship dissolution. Manuscript submitted for publication
  22. Fraley, R. C.. & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. In Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (Eds). Attachment theory and close relationships. NY: The Guilford Press
  23. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1992). Age and sex in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child Development, 63(1), 103-115 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130905
  24. Furman, W., & Simon, V. (1999). Cognitive represen-tations of romantic relationships. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence NY: Cambridge University Press
  25. Furman, W., & Wehner, E. A. (1994). Romantic views: Toward a theory of adolescent romantic relationships. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & G. P. Gullota (Eds.), Advances in adolescent development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  26. Gallo, L. C., Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2003). An Interpersonal Analysis of Adult Attachment Style: Circumplex Descriptions, Recalled Developmental Experiences, Self-Representations, and Interpersonal Functioning in Adulthood. Journal of Personality, 71(2), 141-181 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.7102003
  27. Gilligan, C. (1982). New maps of development: New visions of maturity. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(2), 199-212 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb02682.x
  28. Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew and D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment processes in adulthood: Advances in personal relationships. London: Jessica Kingsley
  29. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
  30. Hazan, C., & Zeifman, D. (1994). Sex and the psychological tether. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships. London: Jessica Kingsley
  31. Hendrick, C., & Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 50(2), 392-402 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.392
  32. Horowitz, L. M. (1996). The study of interpersonal problems: A Leary legacy. Journal of Personality Assesment, 66(2), 283-300 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6602_7
  33. Horowitz, I. M., & Vitkus, J. (1986). The interpersonal basis of psychiatric symptoms. Clinical Psychology Review, 6, 443-469 https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(86)90031-0
  34. Kiesler, D. J. (1996). Contemporary Interpersonal Theory and Research: Personality, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy. New York: Wiley & Sons; 권석만, 김지영(2002). 자기 및 타인 표상과 대인관계문제의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 21(4), 705-726, 재인용
  35. Kobak, R. R, & Hazan, C. (1991). Attachment in marriage: Effects of security and accuracy of working models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(6), 861-869 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.861
  36. Kobak, R. R, & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representations of self and others. Child Development, 59(1), 135-146 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130395
  37. Laursen, B., & Williams, V. A. (1997). Perceptions of interdependence and closeness in family and peer relationships among adolescents with and without romantic partners. New direction for child development, winter(78), 3-20
  38. Main, M. (1990). Cross-cultural strategies of attachment and attachment organization: Recent studies, changing methodologies, and the concept of conditional strategies. Human Development, 33, 48-61 https://doi.org/10.1159/000276502
  39. Markus, H. (1990). Unsolved issues of self-representation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2),241-253 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01176212
  40. Mikulincer, M. (1995). Attachment style and the mental representation of the self. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 69(3), 1203-1215 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1203
  41. Mikulincer, M., & Nachshon, O. (1991). Attachment styles and patterns of self-disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 321-331 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.321
  42. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R, & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 77-102 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024515519160
  43. Parlee, M. B. (1979). The friendship bond: Psychology Today's survey report on friendship in America. Psychology Today, 13(4), 43-54
  44. Pietromonaco, P. R, & Barrett, L. F. (2000). The internal working models concept: What do we really know about the self in relation to others? Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 155-157 https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.155
  45. Pincus, A., & Wiggins, J. S. (1990). Interpersonal problems and conceptions of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4(4), 342-352 https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1990.4.4.342
  46. Roberts, J. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 70(2), 310-320
  47. Shaver, P. R, & Hazan, C. (1988). A biased overview of the study of love. Journal of social and Personal Relationship,5, 473-501 https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407588054005
  48. Shulman,S., & Kipnis, O. (2001). Adolescent romantic relationships: A look from the future. Journal of Adolescence, 24(3), 337-351 https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2001.0409
  49. Simpson, J. (1990). The influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 59(5), 971-980 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.971
  50. Simpson, J. A, Rholes, W. S., & Phillips, D. (1996). Conflict in close relationships: An attachment perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(5), 899-914 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.5.899
  51. Soldz, S., Budman, S., Demby, A, & Merry, J. (1993). Representation of personality disorders in circomplex and five-factor space: Explorations with a clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 5(1), 41-52 https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.1.41
  52. Tucker, J. S., & Anders, S. L. (1998). Adult attachment style and nonverbal closeness in dating couples. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 22(2),109-124 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022980231204
  53. van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Sagi, A. (1999). Crosscultural patterns of attachment: Universal and contextual dimensions. In J. Cassidy & P. R Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment. New York: Guilford
  54. Vormbrock, J. K. (1993). Attachment theory as applied to wartime and job-related marital separation. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 112-144
  55. Wang, C. C., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2003). Differences between Taiwanese and U. S. cultural beliefs about ideal adult attachment. Manuscript submitted for publication
  56. Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Zakalik, R. A. (2004). Cultural Equivalence of Adult Attachment Across Four Ethnic Groups: Factor Structure, Structured Means, and Associations With Negative Mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(4), 408-407 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.408
  57. Wei, M., Vogel, D. L., Ku, T. Y., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult Attachment, Affect Regulation, Negative Mood, and Interpersonal Problems: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Cutoff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(1), 14-24 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.1.14
  58. Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in adult life. In C. M. Parkes & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds). The Place of attachment in human behavior. New York: Basic Books