Environmental Engineering Research

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

THE MONITORING OF AEROBIC FLOC-LIKE SLUDGE INFLUENCED BY CALCIUM IONS

  • Yoon, Young H. (Construction and Environment research division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Park, Jae-Ro (Construction and Environment research division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Kim, In-S. (Dept. of Environ. Sci. & Eng., Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
  • Published : 2006.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Aerobic floc-like sludge was formed in a batch reactor and the effect of cations on the formation of aerobic floc-like sludge was studied. In order to enhance the formation (rate) of aerobic floc-like sludge, cations such as $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were added to the seed sludge. It was found that $Ca^{2+}$ had positive effect on the formation of floc-like sludge, as measured by sludge volume index (SVI) for settle ability. The formation of floc-like sludge was confirmed by the microscopic observation after DAPI staining. The scattered forms of sludge samples at the initial stage became aggregated to form floes after $Ca^{2+}$ addition. To ensure the functions of sludge floes in a treatment plant, the gradient of ionic species around the surfaces of floc-like sludge was monitored by ion selective microelectrodes for ${NH_4}^+,\;{NO_3}^-$, and pH. The effective concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ion to form floc-like sludge was determined to be 750 mg/L (0.15 mg $Ca^{2+}/mg$ MLSS). Under the effective $Ca^{2+}$ condition, the SVI value was the lowest and large distribution of nitrifying bacteria at the outer surface was observed in the aerobic floc-like sludge. From the results, it was found that the calcium ion functioned as an agent for the formation of aerobic floc-like sludge, resulting in the enhanced nitrification.

Keywords

References

  1. George, T. and Franklin, L. B., Wastewater engineering; treatment, disposal, and reuse., 3rd ed. McGrawHill, Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., New York, USA, (1990)
  2. Yoon, Young H., 'The effects of mono and divalent cations on aerobic sludge granulation and the concentration gradient of pH, ${NH_4}^+$, and $NO_3$ by ion selective microelectrcdes, 'Mater thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kwangju Institute of Science Technology, Gwangju, Korea, (2003)
  3. Lettinga, G., L. W. Hulshoff Pol, and Zeeman, G., Biologische Waterzuivering, Anaerobe Zuivering. Dept. of Environmental. Technology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands (1993)
  4. Beun, J. J., A. Hendriks, M.. C. M. Van Loosdrecht, E. Morgenroth, P. A. Wilderer. and Heijnen, J. J., 'Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor,' Wat. Res. 33, 2283-2290 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00463-1
  5. Dangcong, P., N. Bernet, J. P. Delgenes, and Moletta, R., 'Aerobic granular sludge,' Wat. Res. 33, 890-893 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00443-6
  6. Morgenroth, E., T. Sherden, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, J. J. Heijnen, and Wilderer, P. A., 'Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor,' Wat. Res. 31, 3191-3194 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00216-9
  7. Tay, J. - H., Q. - S. Liu, and Liu, Y., 'Microscopic observation of aerobic granulation in sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactor,' J. Appl. Microbiol. 91, 168-175 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01374.x
  8. Eriksson, L. and Alm, B., 'Study of flocculation mechanisms by observing effects of a complexing agent on activated sludge properties,' Wat. Sci. Tech. 24, 21-28 (1991)
  9. Higgins, M. J. and Novak, J. T., 'The effect of cations on the settling and dewatering of activated sludges: laboratory result,' Wat. Environ. Res. 79, 215-224 (1997)
  10. Mahoney, E. M., L. K. Varangu, W. L. Cairns, N. Kosaric, and Murray, R. G. E., 'The effect of calcium on microbial aggregation during UASB reactor start-up,' Wat. Sci. Tech. 19, 249-260 (1987)
  11. Novak, J. T., N. G. Love, M. L. Smith, and Wheeler, E. R., 'The effect of cationic salt addition on the settling and dewatering properties of an industrial activated sludge,' Wat. Environ. Res. 70, 984-996 (1998) https://doi.org/10.2175/106143098X123318
  12. Kosaric, N. and Blaszczyk, K., 'Microbial aggregates in anaerobic wastewater treatment', Adv. Biochem Eng. Biotechnol. 42, 27-62 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0000730
  13. Van der Hoek, J. P. 'Granulation of denitrifying sludge', pp. 203-210 InLettinga, G., A., J. B. Zehnder, J. T. C. Grotenhuis, and L. W. Hulshoff Pol. Pudoc, Wageningen (ed.), Granular anaerobic sludge, The Netherlands (1988)
  14. Horn, H., and Hempel, D.C., 'Modeling mass transfer and substrate utilization in the boundary layer of biofilm systems,' Wat. Sci. Tech. 37, 139-147 (1998)
  15. De Beer, D., J.C. van den Heuvel, and Ottengraf, S.P.P., 'Microelectrode measurements of the activity distribution in nitrifying bacterial aggregates,' Appl. Environ. Microbial. 59, 573-579 (1993)
  16. Sobeck, D. C., Higgins, M. J., ' Examination of three theories for mechanisms of cation -induced bioflocculation', Water Research, 36, 527-538 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00254-8
  17. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.2001. 20th ed., American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington, USA
  18. Cousin, C. P., and Ganczarczyk, J. J., 'Effect of calcium ion concentration on the structure of activated sludge floes,' Environmental Technology, 20 112-1138 (1999)

Cited by

  1. A review of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor vol.52, pp.22-24, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.800809