Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea (한국지진공학회논문집)

Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea (한국지진공학회)
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Baseline-Free Crack Detection in Steel Structures using Lamb Waves and PZT Polarity

램파와 압전소자 극성을 사용한 강구조의 실시간 균열손상 감지기법 개발

  • Sohn, Hoon (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University) ;
  • Kim, Seung-Bum (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University)
  • Published : 2006.12.31
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Abstract

A new methodology of guided wave based nondestructive testing (NDT) is developed to detect crack damage in civil infrastructures such as steel bridges without using prior baseline data. In conventional guided wave based techniques, damage is often identified by comparing the "current" data obtained from a potentially damaged condition of a structure with the "past" baseline data collected at the pristine condition of the structure. However, it has been reported that this type of pattern comparison with the baseline data can lead to increased false alarms due to its susceptibility to varying operational and environmental conditions of the structure. To develop a more robust damage diagnosis technique, a new concept of NDT is conceived so that cracks can be detected without direct comparison with previously obtained baseline data. The proposed NDT technique utilizes the polarization characteristics of the piezoelectric wafers attached on the both sides of the thin metal structure. Crack formation creates Lamb wave mode conversion due to a sudden change in the thickness of the structure. Then, the proposed technique instantly detects the appearance of the crack by extracting this mode conversion from the measured Lamb waves even at the presence of changing operational and environmental conditions. Numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique to crack detection.

이 연구에서는 강교량과 같은 토목 구조물에서 유도파의(Guided waves)한 종류인 램파(Lamb wave)를 이용하여 실시간으로 균열손상을 감지할 수 있는 새로운 비파괴 검사방법을 제안한다. 기존의 유도파를 이용한 기술들은, 손상을 감지하기 위해 비손상 상태의 자료를 저장하고 이를 새로이 얻어진 결과와 비교하는 방법을 사용함으로써 잠재적인 손상을 진단해 왔다. 그러나, 공용중인 강구조물은 다양한 하중 뿐 아니라 상시로 변화하는 자연환경에 노출되어 있기 때문에 동일한 비손상 상태의 응답을 얻는 것이 매우 어려우며 이러한 방법을 적용할 경우 오보(false alarm)의 우려도 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 보다 안정적인 손상감지기법을 개발하기 위해 기존에 얻어진 초기치를 이용하지 않으면서 실시간으로 손상 여부를 판단할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이 연구에서 제안된 감지 기술은, 압전소자의 극성과 판파의 특성을 이용하는 것으로 얇은 판의 양면에 부착된 압전소자를 통하여 균열손상에 의한 신호를 선택적으로 감지해 내는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 균열이 발생한 판에서 진행하는 판파는 균열로 인한 판의 두께변화로 인해 모드 변화를 일으키게 되는데, 제안된 감지기법으로 이러한 모드 변화만을 선택적으로 추출할 수 있다. 다양한 수치해석과 실험을 통해 이 연구에서 제안된 손상감지기법의 효율성과 적용성을 입증한다.

Keywords

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