Characteristics of Sleep Pattern among Korean College Students

한국 대학생의 수면 양상 특징

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate bedtime, rise time and time-in-bed of Korean college students, separately on weekday and on weekend and to compare them. In addition, this study also aimed to evaluate the influence of gender, age and grade on the above sleep parmeters in Korean college students. Methods: Information regarding bedtime and rise time, separately on weekday and on weekend, of Korean college students were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires of 1,825 students (1,416 females and 409 males, age 18-30；mean age $21.1{\pm}2.2$) were used for statistical analyses. Results: Korean college students retired to bed 50 minutes later (00：49 on weekday；01：40 on weekend；t=39.67, p<0.001), rose 1 hour 58 minutes later (07：52 on weekday；09：50 on weekend；t=39.46, p<0.001), and slept 1 hour 8 minutes longer (t=13.33, p<0.001) on weekend. Compared to male students, female students had earlier rise time (t=8.96, p<0.01；t=3.89, p<0.01) and earlier bedtime both on weekday and weekend (t=7.10, p<0.01；t=6.04, p<0.01), and shorter time-in-bed on weekday (t=1.99, p<0.01). In addition, rise time delay and time-in-bed increase on weekend were more prominent in female students than in male students (t=3.41, p<0.01; t=3.68, p<0.01). Grade was correlated with bedtime and rise time on weekday (${\beta}=0.1022$, p<0.01；${\beta}=0.1009$, p<0.01), bedtime and time-in-bed on weekend (${\beta}=0.1096$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.0990$, p<0.01), and differences between week-day and weekend of the rise time and the time-in-bed (${\beta}=-0.0906$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.1115$, p=0.02). Conclusions: In this study, Korean college students had earlier bedtime/rise time and shorter time-in-bed on weekday than on weekend. These findings suggest that weekday sleep-wake schedule of Korean college students may be advanced relative to their biological sleep-wake cycle and that this discrepancy may be associated with weekday sleep deprivation. In addition, differences of sleep patterns between weekday and weekend were more prominent in female students and students with lower grade. Therefore, discrepancy between weekday sleep-wake schedule and biological sleep-wake cycle, as well as weekday sleep deprivation, might be more serious in female or lower-grade students.

배 경：이 연구에서는 한국 대학생들의 취침시각, 기상시각, 취침시간을 평일과 휴일로 나누어 조사하였다. 또한, 성별, 연령, 학년이 한국 대학생들의 취침시각, 기상시각, 취침시간, 평일-휴일 간 수면 차이 등에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 방법：한국내 4년제 대학 12개의 대학생들을 대상으로 평일과 휴일의 수면양상을 설문 조사하였다. 총 1,825명(여자 1,416명, 남자 409명, $18{\sim}30$세, 평균 연령 $21.1{\pm}2.2$세)의 결과를 분석하였다. 결과：한국 대학생들은 평일보다 휴일에 50분 늦게 취침하고(평일 00시 49분；휴일 01시 40분；t=39.67, p<0.001), 1시간 58분 늦게 일어나며(평일 07시 52분；휴일 09시 50분；t=39.46, p<0.001), 1시간 8분 더 오래 취침하였다(t=13.33, p<0.001). 남학생들에 비해 여학생들이 평일과 휴일 모두에서 일찍 자고(t=7.10, p<0.01；t=6.04, p<0.01), 일찍 일어나며(t=8.96, p<0.01；t=3.89, p<0.01), 평일 취침시간이 적었다(t=1.99, p<0.01). 또한, 여학생들에서 남학생들에 비해 휴일의 기상시각이 더 연장되고(t=3.41, p<0.01) 취침시간이 더 증가하였다(t=3.68, p<0.01). 학년이 증가할수록 평일 취침시각, 평일 기상시각, 휴일 취침시각이 느려졌고(${\beta}=0.1009$, p<0.01；${\beta}=0.1022$, p<0.01；${\beta}=0.1096$, p<0.01), 휴일 취침시간이 줄어들었으며(${\beta}=-0.0990$, p<0.01), 휴일과 평일의 기상시각 차이나 취침시간 차이가 줄어들었다(${\beta}=-0.0906$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.1115$, p=0.02). 결론：한국 대학생들은 평일에 비하여 휴일에 취침시각과 기상시각이 늦고 취침시간이 길었다. 이 결과는 한국 대학생들의 평소 일정이 생물학적인 수면각성 주기에 비해 앞으로 당겨져 있어 평일에 수면이 부족함을 의미한다. 또한, 평일과 휴일의 기상시각과 취침시간의 차이는 여학생과 저학년에서 더욱 두드러져, 수면각성주기 이탈과 수면부족이 여학생과 저학년에서 더욱 심하다는 것을 시사하였다.