Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지

Distributions of Formaldehyde in Seoul in June, 2005

2005년 6월의 서울시 대기의 포름알데히드 농도분포 특징

  • Hwang Jung hoon (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University) ;
  • Lee Mee hye (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University) ;
  • Lee Gang woong (Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University for Foreign Study) ;
  • Han Jin seock (National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • Published : 2006.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An automated carbonyl measurement system was constructed. Atmospheric carbonyl compounds were extracted onto DNPH containing collection solution while flowing through a glass coil. Each carbonyl species was separated on a HPLC column and quantified by UV absorption detector. Using this system, carbonyl compounds were continuously measured at the campus of Korea University in Seoul, Korea during June, 2005. Sampling resolution was 30 minutes and the detection limit of HCHO was 0.19 ppbv. Also, $\O_{3}$, it's precursors, and meteorological parameters were measured. The maximum, minimum, average, and median concentrations of HCHO during the whole experiment was 35.8 ppbv, 1.4 ppbv, 11.7 ppbv, and 9.3 ppbv respectively. Formaldehyde showed a distinct diurnal variation with a broad maximum around 13 $\sim$ 15, which was 1 $\sim$ 3 hours ahead of an ozone maximum. During a couple of days, however, HCHO concentrations were kept high through the night or increased concomitantly with NOx in the morning. These results imply that HCHO was mainly produced from the photochemical oxidation of VOCs, but local emission sources couldn't be ruled out. The differences between daily maximum and minimum of $O_{3}$ and HCHO were calculated for 11 days of June, when typical diurnal variations were observed for the two species. A strong positive correlation was found between $\Delta O_{3}$ and $\Delta HCHO$ and the average mole ratio of $\Delta HCHO$ to $\Delta O_{3}$ was 2.6. It indicates that formaldehyde played a key role in $\Delta O_{3}$ production as an indicator species in Metropolitan Seoul during June, 2005.

Keywords

References

  1. 국립환경과학원 (2005) 악취공정시험방법, 국립환경과학원 고시 제005-1호
  2. Abrantes, R.J., V. Assuncao, and C.R. Pesquero (2004) Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from light-duty diesel vehicles exhaust, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1631-1640 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.012
  3. Arlander, D.W., D.R. Cronn, J.C. Farmer, F.A. Menzia, and H.H. Westberg (1990) Gaseous oxygenated hydrocarbons in the remote marine troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(D10), 0148-0227
  4. Atkinson, R. (2003) Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic chemistry: a review, Atmospheric Environment, 24A, 1-41
  5. Ayers, G.P., R.W. Gillett, H. Granek, C. de Serves, and R.A. Cox (1997) Formaldehyde production in clean marine air. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 401-404 https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL00123
  6. Batterman, S.A., Y.D. Yu, C. Jia, and C. Godwin (2005) Non -methane hydrocarbon emissions from vehicle fuel caps, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 1855- 1867 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.002
  7. Brasseur, G.P., J.J. Orlando, and G.S. Tyndall (1999) Atoms-peric Chemistry and Global Science, Oxford Univ. Press, 465-486
  8. Calvert, J.G., R. Atkinson, J.A. Kerrs, S. Madronich, G.K. Moortgat, T.J. Wallington, and G. Yarwood (2000) The mechanisms of atmospheric oxidation of the alkenes, Oxford Univ. Press, pp. 371-379
  9. Chameides, W.L. and J.C.G. Walker(1973) A photochemical theory for tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 78,8751-8760 https://doi.org/10.1029/JC078i036p08751
  10. Davidson, A. (1993) Update on ozone trend in California's south coast air basin, Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 43, 226-227
  11. Fried, A., S. McKeen, S. Sewell, J. Harder, B. Henry, P. Goldan, W. Kuster, E. Williams, K. Baumann, R. Shetter, and C. Cantrell (1997) Photochemistry of formaldehyde during the 1993 tropospheric OH photochemistry experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6283-6296 https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03249
  12. Grosjean, D. and E.L. Williams II (1992) A passive sampler for airborne formaldehyde, Atmospheric Environment, 26(16), 2923-2928 https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90284-R
  13. Harris, G.W., G.I. Machay, T. Iguchi, L.K. Mayne, and H.I. Schiff (1989) Measurements of formaldehyde in the troposphere by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, J. Atmos. Chem., 8, 119-137 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053718
  14. Heikes, B. (1992) Formaldehyde and hydroperoxides at Mau-na Loa Observatory, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 18001-18013 https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD00268
  15. Jacob, D.J. (1999) Introduction to atmospheric chemistry, Princeton Univ. Press
  16. Jimenez, R., A. Martilli, I. Balin, H. van den Bergh, B. Calpini, B.R. Larsen, G. Favaro, and D. Kita (2000) Measurement of formaldehyde (HCHO) by DOAS: Intercomparison to DNPH measurement and interpretation from Eulerian model calculations (paper 829), A&WMA 93rd Annual Conference and Exhibition Salt Lake City (USA), 18-22
  17. Lazrus, A., K. Fong, and J. Lind(1988) Automated fluorome-tric determination of formaldehyde in air, Anal. Chem., 60, 1074-1078 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00161a025
  18. Lee, M., B.G. Heikes, D.J. Jacob, G. Sachse, and B. Anderson (1997) Hydrogen perxide, organic peroxides, and formaldehyde as primary pollutants from biomass burning, J. Geophys Res., 102, 1301-1309 https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD01709
  19. Lelieveld, J. and F.J. Dentener (2000) What controls tropospheric ozone?, J. Geophys, Res., 105(D3), 3531-3551 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901011
  20. Logan, J.A., M.J. Prather, S.C. Wofsy, and M.B. McElroy (1981) Tropospheric chemistry : A global perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7210-7254 https://doi.org/10.1029/JC086iC08p07210
  21. McLaren, R., D.L. SingletonJ, Y.K. Lai, B. Khouw, E. Singer, Z. Wu, and H. Niki (1996) Analysis of motor vehicle sources and their contribution to ambient hydrocarbon distributions at urban sites in Toronto during the Southern Ontario oxidants study, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 2219-2232 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00178-6
  22. Na, K., K.C. Moon, and Y.P. Kim (2005) Source contribution to aromatic VOC concentration and ozone formation potential in the atmosphere of Seoul, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 5517-5524, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.005
  23. National Research Council (1991) Rethinking the ozone problem in urban and regional air pollution, National Academy Press, Washington, District of Columbia, 50-65
  24. Neitzert, V. and W. Seiler (1981) Measurement of formaldehyde in clean air, Geophys, Res. Lett., 8, 79-82 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL008i001p00079
  25. Selmr, J., W. Junkermann, and A. Volz-Thomas (1996) Temporal variations in formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone and budget of formaldehyde at a rural site in Southern Germany, Atmospheric Environment, 30(21), 3776-3676
  26. Skoog, D.A., F.J. Holler, and T.A. Nieman (1997) Principles of instrumental analysis, 5th Ed., Brooks/Cole, U.S.A
  27. Tanner, R.L. and Z. Meng(1984) Seasonal variations in ambient atmospheric levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, Environ, Sci. Technol., 18, 723-726 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00127a017
  28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Determination of formaldehyde in ambient air using absorbent cartridge followed by high performance liquid chromatography
  29. Wert, B.P., M. Trainer, A. Fried, T.B. Ryerson, B. Henry, W. Potter, W.M. Angenvine, E. Atlas, S.G. Donnelly, F.C. Fehsenfeld, G.J. Frost, P.D. Goldan, A. Hansel, J.S. Holloway, G. Hubler, W.C. Kuster, D.K. Nicks, J.A. Neuman, D.D. Parrish, S. Schauffler, J. Stutz, D.T. Sueper, C. Wiedinmyer, A. Wisthaler (2003) Signatures of terminal alkene oxidation in airborne formaldehyde measurements during TexAQS 2000, J. Geophy. Res., 108(D), ACH 8 1-14
  30. Zhang, L., J.R. Brook, R. Vet, A. Wiebe, C. Mihele, M. Shaw, and J.M. O'Brien, and S. Iqbal (2005) Estimation of contributions of N02 and PAN to total atmospheric deposition of oxidized nitrogen across Eastern Canada, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 7030-7043 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.023
  31. Zhou, X., Y. Lee, L. Newman, X. Chen, and K. Mopper (1996) Tropospheric formaldehyde concentration at the Mauna Loa Observatory during the Mauna Loa Observatory, Photochemistry Experiment 2. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 14711 -14719 https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD03226