Effects of Additive and Preheat on the Partially Premixed $CH_4-Air$ Counter Flow Flames Considering Non-gray Gas Radiation

  • Park Won-Hee (Track & Civil Engineering Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute) ;
  • Chang Hee-Chul (Graduate School Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim Tae-Kuk (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University)
  • Published : 2006.02.01

Abstract

Detailed structures of the counterflow flames formed for different inlet fluid temperatures and different amount of additives are studied numerically. The detailed chemical reactions are modeled by using the CHEMKIN-II code. The discrete ordinates method and the narrow band based WSGGM with a gray gas regrouping technique (WSGGM-RG) are applied for modeling the radiative transfer through non-homogeneous and non-isothermal combustion gas mixtures generated by the counterflow flames. The results compared with those obtained by using the SNB model show that the WSGGM-RG is very successful in modeling the counterflow flames with non-gray gas mixture. The numerical results also show that the addition of $CO_2\;or\;H_2O$ to the oxidant lowers the peak temperature and the NO concentration in flame. But preheat of fuel or oxidant raises the flame temperature and the NO production rates. $O_2$ enrichment also causes to raise the temperature distribution and the NO production in flame. And it is found that the $O_2$ enrichment and the fuel preheat were the major parameters in affecting the flame width.

Keywords

References

  1. Du, D. X., Axelbaum, R. L. and Law, C. K., 1991, 'The Influence of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen as Additives on Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames,' Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 1501-1507
  2. GRI MECH 2. 11, http://www.me.berkeley.edu/grimech
  3. Goody, R. M., West, R., Chen, L. and Chrisp, D., 1989, 'The Correlated-k Method for Radiation Calculations in Non-homogeneous Atmosphere,' JQSRT, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 539-550 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(89)90044-7
  4. Guo, H., Ju, Y, Maruta, K., Niioka, T. and Liu, F., 1998, 'Numerical Investigation of $CH/CO_2/$ Air and $CH_4/CO_2/O_2$ Counterflow Premixed Flames with Radiation Reabsorption,' Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 135, pp. 49-64 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209808924149
  5. Kee, R. J., Rupley, F. M. and Miller, J. A., 1989, 'Chemkin-II : A FORTRAN Chemical Kinetics Package for the Analysis of Gas-phase Chemical Kinetics,' Sandia Report, SAND89-8009
  6. Kim, O. J. and Song, T. H., 1996, 'Implementation of the Weighted Sum of Gray Gases Model to a Narrow band : Application and Validity,' Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 453-468 https://doi.org/10.1080/10407799608915093
  7. Kim, O. J. and Song, T. H., 2000, 'Data base of WSGGM-based Spectral Method for Radiation of Combustion Products,' JQSRT, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 379-394 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00125-9
  8. Kim, O. J., Gore, J. P., Viskanta, R. and Zhu, X. L., 2003, 'Prediction of Self-absorption in Opposed Flow Diffusion and Partially Premixed Flames Using a Weighted Sum of Gray Gases Model (WSGGM)-Based Spectral Model,' Numerical Heat Transfer Part A, Vol. 44, pp. 335-353 https://doi.org/10.1080/713838232
  9. Kim, T. K., Menart, J. A. and Lee, H., 1991, 'Nongray Radiative Gas Analyses Using the S-N Technique,' ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 113, pp. 946-952 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2911226
  10. Lacis, A. A. and Oinas, V., 1991, 'A Description of the Correlated k-Distribution Method for Modeling Non-gray Gaseous Absorption, Thermal Emission, and Multiple Scattering in Vertically Inhomogeneous Atmospheres,' Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 96, No. D5, pp. 9027-9063 https://doi.org/10.1029/90JD01945
  11. Lee, K. Y., 2004, 'The Influence of a Vortex on a Freely Propagating Laminar Methane-air Flame,' KSME International Journal, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 857-864 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02990305
  12. Li, S. C. and Williams, F. A., 1999, '$NO_x$ Formation in Two-stage Methane-air Flames,' Combustion and Flame, Vol. 118, pp. 399-414 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00002-4
  13. Lim, J., Gore, J. and Viskanta, R., 2000, 'A Study of the Effects of Air Preheat on the Structure of Methane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames,' Combustion and Flame, Vol. 121, pp. 262-274 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00137-6
  14. Liu, F., Guo, H., Sallwood, G. J. and Giilder, O. L., 2001, 'The Chemical Effects of Carbon Dioxide as an Additive in an Ethylene Diffusion Flame : Implications for Soot and $NO_x$ Formation,' Combustion and Flame, Vol. 125, pp. 778-787 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00241-8
  15. Lutz, A. E., Kee, R. J., Grcar, J. F. and Rupley, F. M., 1997, 'OPPDIF : A FORTRAN Program for Computing Opposed-flow Diffusion Flames,' Sandia Report, SAND96-8243
  16. McLintock, I. S., 1968, 'The Effect of Various Diluents on Soot Production in Laminar Ethylene Diffusion Flames,' Combustion and Flame, Vol. 12, pp. 217-225 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(68)90018-7
  17. Modest, M. F., Radiative Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1993
  18. Park, W. H. and Kim, T. K., 2003, 'Application of the Weighted Sum of Gray Gases Model for Nonhomogeneous Gas Mixtures Having Arbitrary Compositions,' Proceedings of Eurotherm 73 on Computational Thermal Radiation in Participating Media, Mons, Belgium, pp. 129-137
  19. Park, W. H. and Kim, T. K., 2005, 'Development of the WSGGM Using a Gray Gas Regrouping Technique for the Radiative Solution within a 3-D Enclosure Filled with Nonuniform Gas Mixture,' JSME International Journal Series B, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 310-311 https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.48.310
  20. Soufiani, A., Taine, J., 1997, 'High Temperature Gas Radiative Property Parameters of Statistical Narrow-band Model for $H_2O$, $CO_2$ and CO and Correlated- model for $H_2O$ and $CO_2$,' International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 987-991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(96)00129-9
  21. Zhu, X. L., Gore, J. P., Karpetis, A. N. and Barlow, R. S., 2003, 'The Effects of Self-absorption of Radiation on an Opposed Flow Partially Premixed Flame,' Combustion and Flame, Vol. 129, pp. 342-345 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00341-3
  22. Zhu, X. L., Takeno, T. and Core, J. P., 2002, 'A Study of the Effects of Chemical Mechanism on the Computed Structure of a Radiation Sensitive Opposed Flow Partially Premixed Flame,' Combustion and Flame, Vol. 135, pp. 351-355 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00162-7