Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Hydrogeochemical Evolution Related to High Fluoride Concentrations in Deep Bedrock Groundwaters, Korea

국내 심부 암반지하수에서의 고농도 불소 산출과 관련된 수리지구화학 진화

  • Kim Kyoung-Ho (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab(EGRL), Korea University) ;
  • Yun Seong-Taek (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab(EGRL), Korea University) ;
  • Chae Gi-Tak (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab(EGRL), Korea University) ;
  • Kim Seong-Yong (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Kwon Jang-Soon (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab(EGRL), Korea University) ;
  • Koh Yong-Kwon (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
  • 김경호 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과 및 천부지권환경연구원) ;
  • 윤성택 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과 및 천부지권환경연구원) ;
  • 채기탁 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과 및 천부지권환경연구원) ;
  • 김성용 (한국지질자원연구원) ;
  • 권장순 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과 및 천부지권환경연구원) ;
  • 고용권 (한국원자력연구소)
  • Published : 2006.02.01
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Abstract

To understand the geologic and hydrogeochemical controls on the occurrence of high fluoride concentrations in bedrock groundwaters of South Korea, we examined a total of 367 hydrochemistry data obtained from deep groundwater wells (avg. depth=600 m) that were drilled fur exploitation of hot springs. The fluoride concentrations were generally very high (avg. 5.65mg/L) and exceeded the Drinking Water Standard (1.5 mg/L) in $72\%$ of the samples. A significant geologic control of fluoride concentrations was observed: the highest concentrations occur in the areas of granitoids and granitic gneiss, while the lowest concentrations in the areas of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. In relation to the hydrochemical facies, alkaline $Na-HCO_3$ type waters had remarkably higher F concentrations than circum-neutral to slightly alkaline $Ca-HCO_3$ type waters. The prolonged water-rock interaction occurring during the deep circulation of groundwater in the areas of granitoids and granitic gneiss is considered most important for the generation of high F concentrations. Under such condition, fluoride-rich groundwaters are likely formed through hydrogeochemical processes consisting of the removal of Ca from groundwater via calcite precipitation and/or cation exchange and the successive dissolution of plagioclase and F-bearing hydroxyl minerals (esp. biotite). Thus, groundwaters with high pH and very high Na/Ca ratio within granitoids and granitic gneiss are likely most vulnerable to the water supply problem related to enriched fluorine.

국내 심부 암반지하수에서의 고농도 불소의 산출을 지배하는 지질 및 수리지구화학적 환경을 이해하고자, 온천 개발 목적으로 착정한 심부지하수 관정(평균 심도 약 600m)에서 취득된 총 367개의 지하수 분석 자료에 대하여 지구화학적 고찰을 수행하였다. 이들 지하수에서의 불소 농도는 매우 높아 평균 5.65mg/L에 이르며, 특히 연구 대상 지하수 중 $72\%$에서 먹는 물 수질기준(1.5mg/L)을 초과하였다. 불소 함량은 일차적으로 지질 조건의 지배를 강하게 나타냄을 확인하였는데 가장 높은 농도는 화강암류 및 화강편마암 지역에서 산출되는 반면 화산암 및 퇴적암 지역에서는 가장 낮았다. 지하수의 수리지구화학상과 관련하여 보면, 중성 내지 약알칼리성인 $Ca-HCO_3$형 지하수에 비하여 알칼리성의 $Na-HCO_3$형 지하수가 현저히 높은 불소 함량을 나타내었다. 화강암류 및 화강편마암 지역에서 지하수의 심부 순환에 수반되는 장기간의 물-암석 반응이 고농도 불소 산출의 가장 중요한 이유로 생각된다. 방해석 침전 또는 양이온교환에 의한 Ca 이온의 감소, 그리고 뒤따라 발생하는 사장석과 불소 함유 수산화광물(특히 흑운모)의 용해로 특징되는 일련의 수리지구화학 반응이 이러한 환경 하에서의 고불소 지하수 생성의 원인으로 해석된다. 따라서 불소과다에 의한 물 공급 문제의 발생 가능성은 높은 pH 및 매우 높은 Na/Ca농도비를 나타내는 화강암류 및 화강편마암 지역의 지하수에서 가장 높다고 볼 수 있다

Keywords

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