Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Differential Responses of Two Freshwater Cyanobacteria, Anabaena variabillis and Nostoc commune, to Sulfonylurea Herbicide Bensulfuron-methyl

  • KIM JEONG-DONG (Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • LEE CHOUL-GYUN (Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University)
  • Published : 2006.01.01
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Abstract

The effect of bensulfuron-methyl on the nontargeted cyanobacteria was greater on A. variabillis than N. commune. Both A. variabillis and N. commune were initially able to utilize low concentrations of the herbicide, bensulfuron-methyl, whereas higher concentrations of bensulfuron-methyl or the hydrolyzed products of the herbicide were found to be toxic. Growth and photosynthesis inhibitions of over $50\%$ were observed, when 8 to 10 ppm of the herbicide was applied. Nitrogenase activities of the cyanobacteria were decreased by $94-98\%$ in A. variabillis and by $85-86\%$ in N. commune after 24 h of incubation with 10 ppm and 20 ppm of bensulfuron-methyl. Nitrogenase activities were also inhibited by the addition of ammonium salts as low as 0.05 mM. Furthermore, the toxic effect of the herbicide was the highest at pH 4-6, showing approximately $42-60\%$ toxicity, whereas much lower toxicity $(9-28\%)$ was observed at higher pH of 7-10, due to base-catalyzed hydrolysis of bensulfuron-methyl.

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