References
- Buchmeier, N.A., G.L. Newton, T. Koledin, and R.C. Fahey. 2003. Association of mycothiol with protection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from toxic oxidants and antibiotics. Mol. Microbiol. 47(6), 1723-32 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03416.x
- Cole, S.T., R. Brosch, J. Parkhill, T. Garnier, C. Churcher, D. Harris, et al. 1998. Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature 393, 537-544 https://doi.org/10.1038/31159
- Fahey, R.C. and G.L. Newton. 1987. Determination of lowmolecular- weight thiols using monobromobimane fluorescent labeling and high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods. Enzymol. 143, 85-96 https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)43016-4
- Flett, T., V. Mersinias, and C.P. Smith. 1997. High efficiencyintergeneric conjugal transfer of plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli to methyl DNA-restricting streptomycetes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 155, 223-229 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb13882.x
- Gust, B., G.L. Challis, K. Fowler, T. Kieser, and K.F. Chater. 2003. PCR-targeted Streptomyces gene replacement identifies a protein domain needed for biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene soil odor geosmin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 1541-1546
- Kim, Y.M., K. Park, S.H. Jung, J.H. Choi, W.C. Kim, G.J. Joo, and I.K. Rhee. 2004. Chlorothalonil-biotransformation by glutathione S-transferase of Escherichia coli. J. Microbiol. 42, 42-46
- Koledin, T., G.L. Newton, and R.C. Fahey. 2002. Identification of the mycothiol synthase gene (mshD) encoding the acetyltransferase producing mycothiol in actinomycetes. Arch. Microbiol. 178, 331-337 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-002-0462-y
-
Misset-Smits, M., P.W. van Ophem, S. Sakuda, and J.A. Duine. 1997. Mycothiol, 1-O-(2′-[N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl]amido-2′- deoxy-
$\alpha$ -D-glucopyranosyl)-D-myo-inositol, is the factor of NADfactor dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 409, 221-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00510-3 - Newton, G.L., R.C. Fahey, G. Cohen, and Y. Aharonowitz. 1993. Low molecular weight thiols in streptomycetes and their potential role as antioxdants. J. Bacteriol. 175, 2734-42 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.9.2734-2742.1993
- Newton, G.L., K. Arnold, M.S. Price, C. Sherrill, S.B. delCardayre, Y. Aharonowitz, G. Cohen, J. Davies, R. C. Fahey, and C. Davis. 1996. Distribution of thiols in microorganisms: mycothiol is a major thiol in most actinomycetes. J. Bacteriol. 178, 1990-1995 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.178.7.1990-1995.1996
-
Newton, G.L., Y. Av-Gay, and R.C. Fahey. 2000a. N-cetyl- -D-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy-
$\alpha$ -D-glucopyranoside deacetylase (MshB) is a key enzyme in mycothiol biosynthesis. J. Bacterial. 182, 6958-6963 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.24.6958-6963.2000 - Newton, G.L., Y. Av-Gay, and R.C. Fahey. 2000b. A novel mycothiol- dependentdetoxification pathway in mycobacteria involving mycothiol S-conjugate amidase. Biochemistry 35, 10739-10746
- Newton, G.L. and R.C. Fahey. 2002. Mycothiol biochemistry. Arch. Microbiol. 178, 388-394 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-002-0469-4
- Newton, G.L., T. Koledin, B. Gorovitz, M. Rawat, R.C. Fahey, and Y. Av-Gay. 2003.The glycosyltransferase gene encoding the enzyme catalyzing the first step of mycothiol biosynthesis (mshA). J. Bacteriol. 185, 3476-3479 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.11.3476-3479.2003
- Norin, A., P.W. Van Ophem, S.R. Piersma, B. Persson, J.A. Duine, and H. Jornvall.1997. Mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, a prokaryotic medium-chain dehydrogenase/ reductase, phylogenetically links different eukaryotic alcohol dehydrogenases - primary structure, conformational modeling and functional correlations. Eur. J. Biochem. 248, 282-289 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00282.x
- Patel, M.P. and J. Blanchard. 1998. Synthesis of des-myo-inositol mycothiol anddemonstration of a mycobacterial specific reductase activity. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 120, 11538-11539 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja983111v
- Patel, M.P. and J.S. Blanchard. 1999. Expression, purification, and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycothione reductase. Biochemistry 38, 11827-11833 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi991025h
- Penninckx, M.J. and M.T. Elskens. 1993. Metabolism and functions of glutathione in micro-organisms. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 34, 239-301 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60031-4
- Rawat, M., G.L. Newton, M. Ko, G.J. Martinez, R.C. Fahey, and Y. Av-Gay. 2002. Mycothiol-deficient Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, free redicals, and antibiotics. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(11), 3348-3355 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.11.3348-3355.2002
- Rawat, M., S. Kovacevic, H. Billman-Jacobe, and Y. Av-Gay. 2003. Inactivation of mshB, a key gene in the mycothiol biosynthesis pathway in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Microbiology 149, 1341-1349 https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26084-0
- Rawat, M., M. Uppal, G.L. Newton, M. Steffek, R.C. Fahey, and Y. Av-Gay. 2004. Targeted mutagenesis of the Mycobacterium smegmatis mca gene, encoding a mycothiol- dependent detoxification protein. J. Bacteriol. 186, 6050-6058 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.18.6050-6058.2004
-
Sareen, D., M. Steffek, G.L. Newton, and R.C. Fahey. 2002. ATP-dependent L-cysteine: 1D-myo-inosityl 2-amino-2-deoxy-
$\alpha$ -D-glucopyranoside ligase, mycothiol biosynthesis enzyme MshC, is related to class I cysteinyl-tRNA synthetases. Biochemistry 41, 6885-6890 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi012212u - Shin, J.H., Y.M. Kim, J.W. Park, J.E. Kim, and I.K. Rhee. 2003. Resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to fungicide chlorothalonil. J. Microbiol. 41, 219-223
- Spies, H.S. and D.J. Steenkamp. 1994. Thiols of intracellular pathogens. Identification of ovothiol A in Leishmania donovani and structural analysis of a novel thiol from Mycobacterium bovis. Eur. J. Biochem. 224, 203-213 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20013.x
- Steffek, M., G.L. Newton, Y. Av-Gay, and R.C. Fahey. 2003. Characterization ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Mycothiol S-Conjugate Amidase. Biochemistry 42, 12067-12076 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi030080u