Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

대한소아청소년과학회 (The Korean Pediatric Society)
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학교집단소변검사에서 발견된 단독 현미경적 혈뇨의 추적 관찰

Follow-up of children with isolated microscopic hematuria detected in a mass school urine screening test

  • 염미선 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 윤회수 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 이주훈 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 한혜원 (을지의과대학교 소아과학교실) ;
  • 박영서 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과)
  • Yum, Mi-sun (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, Hoe Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Joo Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Hahn, Hyewon (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University) ;
  • Park, Young Seo (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2005.08.31
  • 심사 : 2005.10.04
  • 발행 : 2006.01.15
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초록

목 적: 1990년대 초반부터 시행된 학교집단소변검사에서는 단독혈뇨가 가장 많이 발견되고 있으나, 이러한 환아들의 장기적 예후나 추가적검사의 필요성에 대해서는 아직 논란이 있다. 이에 저자들은 이들 환아의 추적 관찰결과를 통해 예후와 필요한 추적검사의 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1990년 8월부터 2004년 2월까지 학교신체검사에서 무증상적 혈뇨가 발견되어 서울아산병원 소아과에 의뢰된 환아 중 단백뇨(>250 mg/일)나 다른 신염의 증거, 선천성신기형, 신기능의 저하(크레아티닌청소율 <85 mL/분/$1.73m^2$)가 없는 단독 혈뇨 환아들을 대상으로 경과를 관찰하였다. 추적 관찰은 6개월마다 요검사와 혈청 크레아티닌, 단백, 알부민을 측정하였고 요검사 상 단백뇨가 나온 환아에서 24시간 요단백을 측정하여 500mg/일 이상인 경우 신생검을 시행하였다. 결 과: 총 331명의 경과를 관찰하였으며 남자는 157명, 여자는 174명이었다. 평균 나이는 $9.9{\pm}2.3$세(7-15세)였고, 평균 추적 관찰기간은 $2.2{\pm}1.6$년(1-10년)이었다. 경과관찰 중 혈뇨가 소실된 환아는 75명(22.7%)으로 평균 소실 기간은 $2.6{\pm}1.7$년(1-8년)이었으며, 나머지 256명(77.3%)에서는 혈뇨가 지속되었고 그 중 8명(2.4%)에서 유의한 단백뇨 증가를 보였다. 이들 8명 중 4명은 경과관찰 중 단백뇨가 다시 감소하여 추가적인 검사 없이 경과관찰 중이며, 나머지 4명에서는 단백뇨가 지속되어 신생검을 시행하였다. 이중 2명에서는 특이 소견이 발견되지 않았고, 나머지 2명은 경도의 IgA신병증으로 진단되었다. 경과관찰 중 신기능 저하나 고혈압을 보인 환아는 없었다. 결 론: 학교집단소변검사에서 발견된 단독 혈뇨 환아의 임상 경과는 양호하므로 신생검 등의 침습적검사는 불필요하며 정기적인 요검사와 혈액검사로 환아의 경과를 관찰하여도 충분할 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose : The isolated microscopic hematuria is the most common abnormality detected by school urinary screening, but there is no consensus about the range of investigations and long-term outcomes of isolated hematuria in children yet. This study aims to elucidate the prognosis of hematuria and the range of diagnostic studies by follow-up results. Methods : Students with isolated hematuria who were referred to the Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center from Aug. 1990 to Feb. 2004 were analysed retrospectively. Cases that presented Through significant proteinuria(>250 mg/day), other symptoms of nephritis or renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <85 mL/min/$1.73m^2$) were excluded. Follow-up was done every six months with checking urinalysis, serum creatinine, protein and albumin. When albuminuria was detected, 24 hour urine protein was checked. Renal biopsy was done when urine protein was over 500 mg/day. Results : A total of 331 students were enrolled in this study. There were 157 males and 174 females. The mean age at presentation was $9.9{\pm}2.3$ years(7-15 years) and mean follow-up period was $2.2{\pm}1.6$ years(1-10 years). Seventy five(22.7 percent) patients showed the resolution of microscopic hematuria. The mean resolution period was $2.6{\pm}1.7$ years(1-8 years). Eight(2.4 percent) patients developed significant proteinuria and renal biopsy was done in four of them. Two cases of mild IgA nephropathy and two of minimal change were detected. None of them developed hypertension. At the end of the follow-up, renal function had remained stable in all subsets of patients. Conclusion : The prognosis of isolated microscopic hematuria was good. This study suggests that invasive studies including renal biopsy are not necessary and a regular follow-up of urinalysis is enough for children with isolated microscopic hematuria.

키워드

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