Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science (구강회복응용과학지)

Korean Academy of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusion (대한턱관절교합학회)
권호 표지

Surface Characteristics of Anodized and Hydrothermally-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy

양극산화와 열수처리한 Ti-6Al-7Nb 합금의 표면 특성

  • Kim, Moon-Young (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Song, Kwang-Yeob (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Bae, Tae-Sung (Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University)
  • 김문영 (전북대학교 치과대학 치과보철학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 송광엽 (전북대학교 치과대학 치과보철학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 배태성 (전북대학교 치과대학 치과재료학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소)
  • Published : 2006.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the surface properties and in vitro biocompatibility of electrochemically oxidized Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by anodic spark discharge technique. Discs of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy of 20 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were polished sequentially from #300 to 1000 SiC paper, ultrasonically washed with acetone and distilled water for 5 min, and dried in an oven at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Anodizing was performed using a regulated DC power supply. The applied voltages were given at 240, 280, 320, and 360 V and current density of $30mA/cm^2$. Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by high pressure steam at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using a autoclave. Samples were soaked in the Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ during 30 days. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The oxide films were porous with pore size of $1{\sim}5{\mu}m$. The size of micropores increased with increasing the spark forming voltage. 2. The main crystal structure of the anodic oxide film was anatase type as analyzed with thin-film X-ray diffractometery. 3. Needle-like hydroxyapatie (HA) crystals were observed on anodic oxide films after hydrothermal treatment at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The precipitation of HA crystals was accelerated with increasing the spark forming voltage. 4. The precipitation of the fine asperity-like HA crystals were observed after being immersed in Hanks' solution at $37^{\circ}C$. The precipitation of HA crystals was accelerated with increasing the spark forming voltage and the time of immersion in Hanks' solution. 5. The Ca/P ration of the precipitated HA layer was equivalent to that of HA crystal as increasing the spark forming voltage and the time of immersion in Hanks' solution.

Keywords

References

  1. Kasemo B, Lausmaa J. Metal selection and surface characteristics. In:Branemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T(eds), Tissue-integrated prostheses, Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Quintessence, Chicago, 1985; pp99- 116
  2. Mcqueen DH. Clinical applications of biomaterials. Advanced in Biomaterials 1982;4:179-185
  3. Lee MR, Chu YR, Bae TS, Jin YC. A study on the biocompatibility of anodized titanium. Journal of KOSOMOMBE 1993;14:333-339
  4. Lemons JE. Hydroxyapatite coating. Clin Orthop 1988; 235: 220-223
  5. Wang BC, Lee TM, Chang E, Yang CY. The shear strength and failure mode of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating to bone: the effects of coating thickness. J Biomed Mater Res 1993;27:1315-1327 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820271012
  6. Hayashi K, Inadome T, Mashima T, Sugioka Y. Comparison of bone-implant interface shear strength of soild hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants. J Biomed Mater Res 1993;27:557-563 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270502
  7. Kokubo T, Mijaji F, Kim HM, Nakamura T. Spontaneous apatite formation on chemically surface treated Ti. J Am Ceram Soc 1996;79:1127-1129 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08561.x
  8. Yan WQ, Nakamura T, Kobayashi M, Kim HM, Mijaji F. Bonding of chemically treated titanium implants to bone. J Biomed Mater Res 1996;37: 267-275 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199711)37:2<267::AID-JBM17>3.0.CO;2-B
  9. Kim HM, Mijaji F, Kokubo T, Nakamura T. Bonding strength of bonelike apatite layer to Ti metal substrate. J Biomed Mater Res 1997;38:121-127 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199722)38:2<121::AID-JBM6>3.0.CO;2-S
  10. Chung HW, Won DH, Bae TS, Lee MR. Effect of potassium hydroxide treatment of titanium implant on the precipitation of calcium phosphate and tissue compatibility. J Korean Res Soc Dent Mater 2001;28:223-233
  11. Hanawa T, Ukai H, Murakami K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of calcium-ion- implanted titanium. J Electron Spectrosc 1993;63:347-354 https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(93)80032-H
  12. Hanawa T, Ukai H, Murakami K, Asaoka K. Structure of surface-modified layers of calciumion-implanted Ti-6AI-4V and Ti-56Ni. Mater Trans JIM 1995;36:438- 444 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.36.438
  13. Hanawa T, Asarni K, Asaoka K. Microdissolution of calcium ions from calcium-ion- implanted titanium. Corros Sci 1996;38:1579-1594 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(96)00053-4
  14. Ducheyne P, Van Raemdonck W, Heughebaert JC, Heughebaert M. Structural analysis of hydroxyapatite coating on titanium. Biomaterials 1986;7:97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(86)90063-3
  15. Ban S, Maruno S, Harada A, Hattori M, Narita K, Hasegawa J. Effect of temperature on morphology of electrochemically-deposited calcium phosphates. Dent Mater J 1996;15:31-38 https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.15.31
  16. Cho KH, Kim MY, Song KY, Bae TS, Lee MH. Effect of electrochemical treatment of titanium on the precipitation of calcium phosphate in a simulated body fluid. J Korean Res Soc Dent Mater 2002;29:263-269
  17. Ishizawa H, Fujino M, Ogino M. Mechanical and histological investigation of hydrothermally treated and untreated anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. J Biomed Mater Res 1995;29:1459-68 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820291118
  18. Ishizawa H, Ogino M. Formation and characterization of anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. J Biomed Mater Res 1995a;29:65-72 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290110
  19. Ishizawa H, Ogino M. Characterization of thin hydroxyapatite layers formed on anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P by hydrothermal treatment. J Biomed Mater Res 1995b;29:1071-1079 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290907
  20. Fini M, Cigada A, Rondelli G, Chiesa R, Giardino R, Giavaresi G, Aldini NN, Toricelli P, Vicentini B. In vitro and in vivo behavior of Ca- and P-enriched anodized titanium. Biomaterials 1999;20:1587-1594 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00060-5
  21. Hirata T, Nakamura T, Takashima F, Maruyama T, Taira M, Takahashi J. Studies on polishing of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy with five dental abrasives. J Oral Rehabil 2001;28: 773-777 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00737.x
  22. Kawazoe T, Suese K. Clinical Application of titanium crowns. J Dent Med 1989;30:317-328
  23. Kuroiwa A, Igarashi Y. Application of pure titanium to metal framework. J Jpn Prosthodont Soc 1998;42:547- 558 https://doi.org/10.2186/jjps.42.547
  24. Cai Z, Shafer T, Watanabe I, Nunn ME, Okabe T. Electrochemical characterization of cast titanium alloys. Biomaterials 2003;24:213-218 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00293-4
  25. Iijima D, Toneyama T, Doi H, Hamanaka H, Kurosaki N. Wear properties of Ti and Ti-6Al-7Nb castings for dental protheses. Biomaterials 2003;24:1519-1524 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00533-1
  26. Hanawa T. Characterization of surface fihns formed on titanium in electrolytic solutions. J Jpn Soc Dent Mater Dev 1989;8:832-844
  27. Ask M, Lausmaa J, Kasemo B. Preparation and surface spectroscopic characterization of oxide film on Ti-6Al- 4V. Appl Surf Sci 1989;35:283-301 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(89)90013-5
  28. Khan M, Williams R, Williams D. The corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6AI-7Nb and Ti-13Nb-13Zr in protein solutions. Biomaterials 1999;20:631-637 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00217-8
  29. Niinomi M. Fatigue performance and cyto-toxity of low rigidity titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr. Biomaterials 2003;24:2673-2683 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00069-3
  30. Sarinnaphakom L, Yoneyama T, Doi H, Kobayashi E, Hamanaka H. Elastic property of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy castings for removable partial denture. Proceedings of the 5th ISTD, 2oo1;p12
  31. Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Udoh K, Ohta M. Development of titanium alloys with high corrosion resistance in fluoride containing solution. Proceedings of the 5th ISTD, 2oo1;p16
  32. Schreckenbath JP, Marx G. Characterization of anodic spark-converted titanium surfaces for biomedical applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 1999;10:453-457 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008988706980
  33. Albrektsson T, Branemark P-I, Hansson HA, Lindstrom J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand 1981;52:155-170 https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678108991776
  34. Chehroudi B, Gould TRL, Brunette DM. Effect of grooved titanium coated implant surface on epithelial cell behavior in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 1989;23:1067-85 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820230907
  35. von Recum AF. New aspects of biocompability: Motion at the interface. In: Heimke G, Soltesz U, Lee AJC (eds). Clinical Implant Materials, Advances in Biomaterials vol 9, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam 1990, pp297-302
  36. Mattsson L, Rolander U. Structure and morphology of anodic oxide films on titanium-preparation technique and electron microscopy. Gothenburg Institute of Physics Resport, No GIPR-264,1985, Goteborg, Sweden
  37. Kokubo T, Ito S, Sakka S, Yamamuro T. Formation of a high-strength bioactive glass-ceramic in the system MgO-CaO-$SiO_2-P_2O_5$. J Mater Soc 1986;21:536-540 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01145520
  38. Kim KN, Bae TS, So JM. Comparison on the calcium phosphate precipitation of NaOH-treated titanium and bioglass-ceramic CaO-$P_2O_5$ system. J Korean Res Soc Dent Mater 2001;28:247-252