Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE

The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (한국생물공학회)
권호 표지

Preservation of Coagulation Efficiency of Moringa oleifera, a Natural Coagulant

  • Katayon, S. (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Ng, S.C. (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Johari, M.M.N.Megat (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Ghani, L.A.Abdul (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
  • Published : 2006.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an interest to use Moringa oleifera as the natural coagulant due to cost, associated health and environmental concerns of synthetic organic polymers and inorganic chemicals. However, it is known that M. oleifera as the natural coagulant is highly biodegradable and has a very short shelf life. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of storage temperature, packaging methods, and freeze-drying on the preservation of M. oleifera seeds powders. Non freeze-dried M. oleifera was prepared into different packaging namely open container, closed container and vacuum packing, whilst, freeze-dried M. oleifera was stored in closed container and vacuum packing. Each of the packaging was stored at room temperature ($30\;to\;32^{\circ}C$) and refrigerator ($4^{\circ}C$). The turbidity removal efficiencies of stored M. oleifera were examined using jar test at monthly interval for 12 months. The results indicated that non freeze-dried M. oleifera kept in the refrigerator ($4^{\circ}C$) would preserve its coagulation efficiency. In addition, closed container and vacuum packing were found to be more appropriate for the preservation of non freeze-dried M. oleifera, compared to open container. Freeze-dried M. oleifera retained its high coagulation efficiency regardless the storage temperature and packaging method for up to 11 months. Besides, higher increment in zeta potential values for water coagulated with freeze-dried M. oleifera indicated the higher frequency of charge neutralization and better coagulation efficiency of freeze-dried M. oleifera, compared to non freeze-dried seeds. As a coagulant, M. oleifera did not affect the pH of the water after treatment.

Keywords

References

  1. Okuda, T., A. U. Baes, W. Nishijima, and M. Okada (1999) Improvement of extraction method of coagulation active components from Moringa oleifera seed. Water Res. 33: 3373-3378 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00046-9
  2. Martyn, C. N., D. J. P. Barker, C. Osmond, E. C. Harris, J. A. Edwardson, and R. F. Lacey (1989) Geographical relation between Alzheimer's disease and aluminium in drinking water. Lancet 1: 59-62 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)18852-5
  3. Miller, R. G., F. C. Kopfler, K. C. Kelty, J. A. Stober, and N. S. Ulmer (1984) The occurrence of aluminum in drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 76: 84-91
  4. Divakaran, R. and V. N. S. Pillai (2001) Flocculation of kaolinite suspensions in water by chitosan. Water Res. 35: 3904-3908 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00131-2
  5. Bratby, J. R. (1980) Coagulation and Flocculation: With an Emphasis on Water and Wastewater Treatment. Uplands Press Ltd., Croydon, UK
  6. Haarhoff, J. and J. L. Cleasby (1988) Comparing aluminum and iron coagulants for in-line filtration of cold water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 66: 74-79
  7. McCollister, D. D., F. Oyen, and V. K. Rowe (1964) Toxicology of acrylamide. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 172- 181 https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(64)90103-6
  8. Schwarz, D. (2000) Water clarification using Moringa oleifera. Technical Information W1e, Gate Information Service
  9. Jahn, S. A. A. (1986) Proper Use of African Coagulants for Rural Water Supply: Research in the Sudan and a Guide For New Projects. Deustcsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Manual 191. Eschborn
  10. Muyibi, S. A. and L. M. Evison (1995) Optimizing physical parameters affecting coagulation of turbid water with Moringa oleifera seeds. Water Res. 29: 2689-2695 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00133-6
  11. Ndabigengesere, A., K. S. Narasiah, and B. G. Talbot (1995) Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera. Water Res. 29: 703- 710 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00161-Y
  12. Gassenschmidt, U., K. D. Jany, B. Tauscher, and H. Niebergall (1995) Isolation and characterization of a flocculating protein from Moringa oleifera lam. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1243: 477-481
  13. Muyibi, S. A. and L. M. Evison (1995) Moringa oleifera seeds for softening hardwater. Water Res. 29: 1099-1104 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00250-B
  14. Katayon, S., M. J. Megat Mohd Noor, M. Asma, A. M. Thamer, A. G. Liew Abdullah, A. Idris, A. M. Suleyman, M. B. Aminuddin, and B. C. Khor (2004) Effects of storage duration and temperature of Moringa oleifera stock solution on its performance in coagulation. Int. J. Eng.Technol. 1: 146-151
  15. Katayon, S., M. J. Megat Mohd Noor, M. Asma, L. A. Abdul Ghani, A. M. Thamer, I. Azni, J. Ahmad, B. C. Khor, and A. M. Suleyman (2006) Effects of storage conditions of Moringa oleifera seeds on its performance in coagulation. Bioresour. Technol. 97: 1455-1460 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.07.031
  16. Hammami, C. and F. Rene (1997) Determination of freeze-drying process variables for strawberries. J. Food Eng. 32: 133-154 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(97)00023-X
  17. Stephanie, P., F. Fernanda, A. Muriel, R. Dominique, and M. Michele (2005) Physical characterization of formulations for the development of two stable freeze-dried proteins during both dried ad liquid storage. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 60: 335-348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.02.013
  18. Narasiah, K. S., A. Vogel, and N. N. Kramadhati (2002) Coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera seeds from two distinct sources. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2: 83-88
  19. Ndabigengesere, A. (1995) Etude du Mecannisme et Optimization de la Coagulation-Flocculation de L'eau Avec le Moringa oleifera. Ph.D. Thesis. Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
  20. Abdulkarim, S. M., K. Long, O. M. Lai, S. K. S. Muhammad, and H. M. Ghazali (2005) Some physico-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous enzymatic methods. Food Chem. 93: 253-263 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.023
  21. Wu, N., L. Fu, M. Su, M. Aslam, K. C. Wong, and V. P. Dravid (2004) Interaction of fatty acid monolayers with cobalt nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 4: 383-386 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl035139x
  22. Kader, A. A. (1987) Respiration and gas exchange of vegetable. pp. 25. In: J. Weichmann (ed.). Postharvest Physiology of Vegetables. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA
  23. Practical Aspects of Seeds Storage, Seeds Science Research (1998) Hawaii Conservation Alliance, University of Hawaii. http://www.hawaiiconservationalliance.org, accessed in March 2005
  24. Goetz, J. and P. Koehler (2005) Study of the thermal denaturation of selected proteins of whey and egg by low resolution NMR. LWT. Food Sci. Technol. 38: 501-512
  25. Ndabigengesere, A. and K. Subba Narasiah (1998) Quality of water treated by coagulation using Moringa oleifera seeds. Water Res. 32: 781-791 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00295-9
  26. Olsen, A. (1987) Low technology water purification by bentonite clay and Moringa oleifera seed flocculation as performed in Sudanese village: effects on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Water Res. 21: 517-522 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90059-5
  27. Bina, B. (1991) Investigations into the Use of Natural Coagulant in the Removal of Bacteria and Bacteriophage from Turbid Waters. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
  28. Zeta-meter Inc. April, (1993) Everything You Want to Know about Coagulation and Flocculation. 4th Ed. Zeta Meter