HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES AND EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 IN THE CANINE MANDIBULAR CONDYLE AFTER DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS

성견에서 하악골 신장술 후 하악과두 연골의 조직학적 변화와 Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)와 Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2)의 발현

  • Byun, June-Ho (Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Bong-Wook (Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Cho, Yeong-Cheol (Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ulsan University) ;
  • Sung, Iel-Yong (Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ulsan University) ;
  • Son, Jae-Hee (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Ryoul (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University)
  • 변준호 (경상대학교 의과대학 치과학교실, 경상대학교 건강과학연구원, 경상대학교 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 박봉욱 (경상대학교 의과대학 치과학교실, 경상대학교 건강과학연구원, 경상대학교 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 조영철 (울산대학교 의과대학 치과학교실) ;
  • 성일용 (울산대학교 의과대학 치과학교실) ;
  • 손재희 (부산대학교 치과대학 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 김종렬 (부산대학교 치과대학 구강악안면외과학교실)
  • Published : 2006.09.30

Abstract

Purpose : This study was to clarify the changes in mandibular condyle after unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis throughout histological changes and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Materials & Methods : Intraoral distractors were placed via submandibular incision in 8 dogs. Two unoperated animals served as controls. Distraction was performed five days after osteotomy as a rate of 0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days. Two animals were sacrificed on 7, 14, 28, and 56 days after completion of distraction, respectively. Ipsilateral condyles were harvested and processed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results : The condyle cartilage is separated into four layers: fibrous layer, proliferative layer, hypertrophic layer, and calcified layer. At 7 days and 14 days after distraction, the condylar cartilage showed the decreased thickness of the articular cartilage and reduced cellularity. At 28 days after distraction, there was an increase in cellularity of fibrous, proliferative, and hypertrophic layer. However, it demonstrated reduced cellularity compared to the control. At 56 days of after distraction, the articular cartilage was an almost normal histologic structure. Positive Safranin-O staining, indicative of sulfated proteoglycans, was examined in the condylar cartilge of nonloaded control. At 7 days and 14 days after distraction, the sulfated proteoglycans is almost completely depleted from the noncalcified part of the condylar cartilage. At 28 days after distraction, there was an increase in Safranin-O staining intensity. However, the staining intensity of the experimental condyle was weaker than that of the control. At 56 days of after distraction, the condylar cartilage showed almost normal Safranin-O staining pattern. In control condyle, MMP-2 immunostaining was seen in fibrous, proliferative, and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage, however, it demonstrated lack of staining in fibrous and proliferative layer. At 7 days and 14 days after distraction, strong MMP-2 immunoreactivity was seen in the fibrous, proliferative and hypertrophic layer of the condylar cartilage. At 28 days after distraction, MMP-2 immunostaining was seen in the fibrous and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage, however, their immunoactivity was reduced. At 56 days after distraction, MMP-2 immunoreactivity showed almost normal immunostaining pattern. In control condyle, TIMP-2 immunostaining was primarily seen in fibrous and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage, however, it demonstrated lack of staining in proliferative layer. At 7 days after distraction, very weak TIMP-2 immunoreactivity appeared in fibrous, proliferative and hypertrophic layer of the condylar cartilage. At 14 days after distraction, weak TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was seen in the fibrous, proliferative and hypertrophic layer of the condylar cartilage. At 28 days after distraction, TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was increased in the fibrous and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage. At 56 days after completion of distraction, TIMP-2 immunoreactivity showed almost normal immunostaining pattern. Conclusions : The results show that short-term outcome of physiologic distraction osteogenesis may lead to degenerative changes in the condylar cartilage. These alterations in the condylar cartilage may be considered as a pressure-related degeneration of the cartilage tissue. However, the long-term results suggest that the condylar cartilage display repair activity after mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Keywords

References

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