Electro-Active-Paper Actuator Made with LiCl/Cellulose Films: Effect of LiCl Content

  • Wang, Nian-Gui (Center for EAPap Actuator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Hwan (Center for EAPap Actuator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Chen, Yi (Center for EAPap Actuator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Yun, Sung-Ryul (Center for EAPap Actuator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Kon (Center for EAPap Actuator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University)
  • Published : 2006.12.31

Abstract

The cellulose-based, Electroactive Paper (EAPap) has recently been reported as a smart material with the advantages of lightweight, dry condition, biodegradability, sustainability, large displacement output and low actuation voltage. However, it requires high humidity.. This paper introduces an EAPap made with a cellulose solution and lithium chloride (LiCl), which can be actuated in room humidity condition. The fabrication process, performance test and effect of LiCl content of the EAPap actuator are illustrated. The bending displacement of the EAPap actuators was evaluated with actuation voltage, frequency, humidity and LiCl content changes. At a LiCl/ cellulose content of 3:10, the displacement output was maximized at a room humidity condition. Even though the displacement output was less than that of a high humidity EAPap actuator, the mechanical power output was not reduced due to the increased resonance frequency, which is promising for developing EAPap actuators that are less sensitive to humidity.

Keywords

References

  1. M. M. S. Lima and R. Borsali, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 25, 771 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200300268
  2. A. A. Baker, W. Helbert, J. Sugiyama, and M. J. Miles, Appl. Phys. A, 66, 559 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1007/s003399870002
  3. P. Ball, Nature Materials, 4, 51 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1268
  4. D. Klemm, B. Heublein, H. P. Fink, and A. Bohn, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 3358 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587
  5. J. Kim and Y. B. Seo, Smart Mater. Struct., 11, 355 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/11/3/305
  6. J. Kim, S. Yun, and Z. Ounaies, Macromolecules, 39, 4202 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060261e
  7. M. R. Kasaai, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86, 2189 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11164
  8. B. Tosh, C. N. Saikia, and N. N. Dass, Carbohyd. Res., 327, 345 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00033-1
  9. J. Kim, C. S. Song, and S.-R. Yun, Smart Mater. Struct., 15, 719 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/3/007
  10. K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 28, 99 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00026-5
  11. A. J. Michell and H. G. Higgins, Cellulose, 6, 89 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009258732505
  12. T. Kondo, Cellulose, 4, 281 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018448109214
  13. H. Kono, S. Yunoki, T. Shikano, M. Fujiwara, T. Erata, and M. Takai, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 7506 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010704o
  14. A. Isogai, M. Usuda, T. Kato, T. Uryu, and R. H. Atalla, Macromolecules, 22, 3168 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00197a045