Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

  • 제16권12호
  • /
  • Pages.1940-1946
  • /
  • 2006
  • /
  • 1017-7825(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1738-8872(eISSN)
한국미생물·생명공학회 (The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology)
권호 표지

Analysis of Influence of Environmental Conditions on Ganoderic Acid Content: in Ganoderma lucidum Using Orthogonal Design

  • Li Na (Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Liu Xiao Hua (Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhou Jie (Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Li Yu Xiang (Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhao Ming Wen (Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University)
  • 발행 : 2006.12.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The influence of environmental conditions on the ganoderic acid (GA) content in the fungus Ganoderma lucidum was investigated using a one-factor-at-a-time design and orthogonal design. Among the various medium components examined, sucrose, soybean powder or peptone, ferrous sulfate, and pH 6.0 were the most suitable carbon source (factor A), nitrogen source (factor B), mineral source (factor C), and initial pH (factor D), respectively, for the GA content in the one-factor-at-a-time design. According to the orthogonal design, the order of effect for the four factors on the GA content was A>C>D>B. The best level of factor A was $A_2$ (sucrose) with a value of +0.34 mg/100 mg DW. The optimal treatment combination was $A_2B_1C_3D_1$ with which the GA content reached up to 2.63$\pm$0.011 mg/100 mg DW. The interactions between the mineral ion and the nitrogen source, and the mineral ion and the pH were both highly significant (P<0.01). The highest interaction effect was ($B_2{\times}D_2$) with a value of +0.19 mg/100 mg DW, which was higher than the level effect value for $B_2$ (peptone) and D$_2$ (pH 5.0). Therefore, the results proved that interactions between factors cannot be ignored. The results also indicated the importance of the interactions between the factors, which may help to understand the metabolic pathway leading to triterpene biosynthesis and the expression and regulation of the key enzymes involved.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Charonnet, C. O., C. E. Sams, and W. S. Conway. 1999. Calcium effect on the mycelial cell walls of Botrytis cinerea. Phytochemistry 52: 967-976 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00315-5
  2. Cheng, R. Y. and D. Q. Yu. 1990. Research progress on the chemical component of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid. Acta Pharmaceut. Sin. (in Chinese) 25: 940-953
  3. Ding, F. P., H. Noritomi, and K. Nagahama. 2001. Optimization of fermentation conditions for preparation of polygalacturonic acid transeliminase by Erwinia carotovora IFO3830. Biotechnol. Prog. 17: 311-317 https://doi.org/10.1021/bp000169g
  4. Fang, Q. H. and J. J. Zhong. 2002. Effect of initial pH on production of ganoderic acid and polysaccharide by submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. Process Biochem. 37: 769-774 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00278-3
  5. Fang, Q. H. and J. J. Zhong. 2002. Submerged fermentation of higher fungus Ganoderma lucidum for production of valuable bioactive metabolites -- ganoderic acid and polysaccharide. Biochem. Eng. J. 10: 61-65 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-703X(01)00158-9
  6. Fang, Q. H. and J. J. Zhong. 2002. Two-stage culture process for improved production of ganoderic acid by liquid fermentation of higher fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Biotechnol. Prog. 15: 51-54
  7. Fang, Q. H., Y. J. Tang, and J. J. Zhong. 2002. Significance of inoculation density control in production of polysaccharide and ganoderic acid by submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum. Process Biochem. 37: 1375-1379 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00017-1
  8. Gai, J. Y. 2000. Methods of Experimental Statistics, pp. 99- 109. 3rd Ed. Agricultural Press of China (in Chinese)
  9. Guo, C. Y. 1998. Review of pharmacological research of Ganoderma lucidum. Edible Fungi China (in Chinese). 17: 34-35
  10. Jolidon, S., A. M. Polak, P. Guerry, and P. G. Hartman. 1990. Inhibitors of 2,3-oxidosqualene lanosterol-cyclase as potential antifungal agent. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18: 47-48 https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180047
  11. Jong, S. C. and J. M. Birmingham. 1992. Medicinal benefits of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 101-134 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70253-3
  12. Joo, J. H., J. M. Lim, H. O. Kim, S. W. Kim, H. J. Hwang, J. W. Choi, and J. W. Yun. 2004. Optimization of submerged culture conditions for exopolysaccharide production in Sarcodon aspratus (Berk) S.Ito TG-3. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20: 763-773
  13. Kim, H. O., J. M. Lim, J. H. Joo, S. W. Kim, H. J. Hwang, J. W. Choi, and J. W. Yun. 2005. Optimization of submerged culture condition for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides by Agrocybe cylindracea. Bioresour. Technol. 96: 1175-1182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.09.021
  14. Kohda, H., W. Tokumoto, K. Sakamoto, M. Fujii, Y. Hirai, and K. Yamasaki. 1985. The biologically active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. histamine releaseinhibitory triterpenes. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33: 1367-1374 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.1367
  15. Lee, M. T., W. C. Chen, and C. C. Chou. 1997. Medium improvement by orthogonal array designs for cholesterol oxidase production by Rhodococcus equi No. 23. Process Biochem. 32: 697-703 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(97)00031-9
  16. Lim, J. M., S. W. Kim, H. J. Hwang, J. H. Joo, H. O. Kim, J. W. Choi, and J. W. Yun. 2004. Optimization of medium by orthogonal matrix method for submerged mycelial culture and exopolysaccharide production in Collybia maculate. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 119: 159-170 https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:119:2:159
  17. Mizuno, T., G. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Kawagishi, T. Nishitoba, and J. Reishi. 1995. Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae: Bioactive substances and medicinal effects. Food Rev. Int. 11: 151-166 https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129509541025
  18. Shiao, M. S., K. R. Lee, J. L. Lee, and T. W. Cheng. 1994. Natural products and biological activities of the Chinese medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention II; ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 547: 342-354
  19. Tai, S. C., W. Y. Sun, and J. J. He. 2005. Applied Statistical Analysis, pp. 204-229. 2th Ed. Wuhan University Press (in Chinese)
  20. Tang, Y. J. and J. J. Zhong. 2002. Fed-batch fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum for hyperproduction of polysaccharide and ganoderic acid. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 31: 20-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00066-2
  21. Tang, Y. J. and J. J. Zhong. 2003. Role of oxygen supply in submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum for production of Ganoderma polysaccharide and ganoderic acid. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 32: 478-484 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00338-1
  22. Tang, Y. J. and J. J. Zhong. 2003. Scale-up of a liquid static culture process for hyperproduction of ganoderic acid by the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Biotechnol. Prog . 19: 1842-1846 https://doi.org/10.1021/bp0341592
  23. Tang, Y. J. and J. J. Zhong. 2004. Modeling the kinetics of cell growth and ganoderic acid production in liquid static cultures of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Biochem. Eng. J. 21: 259-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2004.06.008
  24. Tsujikura, Y., T. Higuchi, Y. Miyamoto, and S. Sato. 1992. Manufacture of ganoderic acid by fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 04304890 (in Japanese)
  25. Xu, C. P., S. W. Kim, H. J. Hwang, J. W. Choi, and J. W. Yun. 2003. Optimization of submerged culture conditions for mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by Paecilomyces tenuipes C240. Process Biochem. 38: 1025- 1030 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00224-8
  26. Zhang, D. L, S. M. Jennings, G. W. Robinson, and D. Poulter. 1993. Yeast squalene synthase: Expression, purification, and characterization of soluble recombinant enzyme. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 304: 133-143 https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1993.1331
  27. Zhao, M. W., J. Y. Zhong, N. Wang, W. Q. Liang, and Y. J. Pan. 2003. Research progress on the squalene synthase. Acta Microbiol. Sin. (in Chinese) 43: 676-680
  28. Zhao, M. W., J. Y. Zhong, W. Q. Liang, N. Wang, M. J. Chen, D. B. Zhang, Y. J. Pan, and S. C. Jong. 2004. Analysis of squalene synthase expression during the development of Ganoderma lucidum. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14: 116- 120