Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

The Effects of Ginseng Saponin-Re, Re and Green Tea Catechine; ECGC (Epigallocatechin Gallate) on Leptin, Hormone Sensitive Lipase and Resistin mRNA Expressions in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

3T3-L1 Adipocyte에 인삼 사포닌과 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)처리가 Leptin, Hormone Sensitive Lipase, Resistin mRNA- 발현에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Sung-Ok (Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • LeeH, Eun-Joo (Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choe, Won-Kyung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Gimcheon College)
  • 김성옥 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의과학과) ;
  • 황은주 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의과학과) ;
  • 최원경 (김천대학 식품계열)
  • Published : 2006.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find out effects of treatment of ginsenoside Re, Rc and EGCG on mRNA expressions of leptin, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The concentrations of EGCG were treated with $0.01{\times}10^{-7},\;0.1{\times}10^{-7},\;1{\times}10^{-7}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-6}\;or\;100{\mu}g/ml$ ginsenoside Re, Rc in culture cell for 13 days. mRNA expression of leptin wasn't expressed in preadipocyte but according to differentiation of adipocyte, the that of mRNA expression was decreased at gensenosids or EGCG treated cells compared with non treated adipocyte. Expression of HSL mRNA was increased in G-Re, G-Rc and EGCG treated cells compared with non treated cells. The resistin level was significantly decreased in adipocytes treated with G-Re, G-Rc and EGCG. These pattern was similar to leptin expression. These results support that treatment of gensenosides or EGCG in 3T3-L1 adipocyte resulted to affect of leptin and resistin as well as HSL mRNA levels, accordingly, levels of leptin and HSL will be acted by signalling body fat stores to the hypothalamus which in turn regulates food intake andenergy expenditure to maintain body weight homeostasis. And also regulation of resistin mRNA will prevent to diabetics attacked with obesity. In conclusion, we suggest that consumption of ginseng saponine or EGCG might prevent human diabetics or/and obesity.

Keywords

References

  1. Popkin BM, Doak CM. The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon. Nutr Rev 56: 106-114, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01722.x
  2. Korea Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. National Nutrition Survey Report, 2000
  3. Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 106: 473-481, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI10842
  4. Neuhouser ML, Miller DL, Kristal AR, Barnett MJ, Cheskin LJ. Diet and exercise habits of patients with diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease or hypertension. J Am Cell Nutr 21: 394- 401, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2002.10719241
  5. Hennig B, Toborek M, McClain CJ. High-energy diets, fatty acids and endothelial cell function: implications for atherosis. J Am Cell Nutr 20: 97-105, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719021
  6. Gelber AC. Obesity and hip osteoarthritis: the weight of the evidence is increasing. Am J Med 114: 158-159, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01548-6
  7. Torgerson JS, Lindroos AK, Naslund I, Peltonen M. Gallstones, gallbladder disease, and pancreatitis: cross-sectional and 2-year data from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) and SOS reference studies. Am J Gastroenterol 98: 1032-1041, 2003
  8. Pi-Sunyer FX. The obesity epidemic: pathophysiology and consequences of obesity. Obes Res 10: 97-104, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.202
  9. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 22: 39-47, 1998
  10. Kuczmarski RJ, Carroll MD, Flegal KM, Troiano RP. Varying body mass index cutoff points to describe overweight prevalence among U.S. adults: NHANES III (1988 to 1994). Obes Res 5: 542-548, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00575.x
  11. Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol 58: 1685- 1693, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
  12. Xie JT, Zhou YP, Dey L, Attele AS, Wu JA, Gu M, Polonsky KS, Yuan CS. Ginseng berry reduces blood glucose and body weight in db/db mice. Phytomedicine 9: 254-258, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00106
  13. Wang H, Reaves LA, Edens NK. Ginseng extract inhibits lipolysis in rat adipocytes in vitro by activating phosphodiesterase 4. J Nutr 56: 337-342, 2006
  14. Liu CX and Xiao PG. Recent advances on ginseng research in China. J Ethnopharmacol 36: 27-38, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90057-X
  15. Liu WK, Attele AS, Kyle JW, Yuon C. Voltage-dependent inhibition of brain Na(+) channels by American ginseng. Eur J Pharmacol 413: 47-54, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(01)00735-X
  16. Han KL, Jung MH, Sohn JH, Hwang JK. Ginsenoside 20(s)- protopanaxatriol (PPT) activates peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR ${\gamma}$) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 29: 110-113, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110
  17. Liao S, Kao YH, Hiipakka RA. Green tea: biochemical and biological basis for health benefits. Vitam Horm 62: 1-94, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0083-6729(01)62001-6
  18. Weinreb O, Mandel S, Youdim MBH. cDNA gene expression profile homology of antioxidants and their antiapoptotic and proapoptotic activities in human neuroblastoma cells. FASEB J 17: 935-937, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.02-0712fje
  19. Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Green tea polyphenols and cancer: biologic mechanisms and practical implications. Nutr ReV 57: 78- 83, 1999
  20. Lin JK, Liang YC, Lin-Shiau SY. Cancer chemoprevention by tea polyphenols through mitotic signal transduction blockade. Biochem Pharmacol 58: 911-915,1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00112-4
  21. Haqqi TM, Anthony DD, Gupta S, Ahmad N, Lee MS, Kumar GK, Mukhtar H. Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 4524-4529, 1999
  22. Yeh CW, Chen WJ, Chiang CT, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK. Suppression of fatty acid synthase in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by tea and tea polyphenols: a possible mechanism for their hypolipidemic effects. Pharmacogenomics J 3: 267-276, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.tpj.6500192
  23. Kao YH, Hippakka RA, Liao S. Modulation of obesity by a green tea catechin. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 1232-1241, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1232
  24. Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, Girardier L, Mensi N, Fathi M, Chantre P, Vandermander J. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 70: 1040-1045, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.6.1040
  25. Kao YH, Chang HH, Lee MJ, Chen CL. Tea, obesity, and diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 50: 188-210, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500109
  26. Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. Anti-obesity effects of green tea: from bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res 50: 176-87, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500102
  27. Dulloo AG, Seydoux J, Girardier L, Chantre P, Vandermander J. Green tea and thermogenesis: interaction between catechinpolyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24: 252-258, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801101
  28. Liu HS, Chen YH, Hung PF, Kao YH. Inhibitory effect of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on resistin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes depends on the ERK pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E273-E283, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00325.2005
  29. Li J, Yu X, Pan W, Unger RH. Gene expression profile of rat adipose tissue at the onset of high-fat-diet obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282: 1334-1341, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00516.2001
  30. Isaia GC, D'Amelio P, Di Bella S, Tamone C. Is leptin the link between fat and bone mass? J Endocrinol Invest 28: 61-65, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03345531
  31. Masuzaki H, Ogawa Y, Hosoda K, Kawada T, Fushiki T, Nakao K. Augmented expression of the obese gene in the adipose tissue from rats fed high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 216: 355-358, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1995.2631
  32. Coppack SW, Jensen MD, Miles JM. In vivo regulation of lipolysis in humans. J Lip Res 35: 177-193, 1994
  33. Langin D, Holm C, Lafontan M. Adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase: a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Proceed Nutr Soc 55: 93-109, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19960013
  34. Holm C, Davis RC, Osterlund T, Schotz MC, Fredrikson G. Identification of the active site of hormone-sensitive lipase by site-directed mutagenesis. FEBS Lett 344: 234-238, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00403-X
  35. Osuga J, Ishibashi S, Oka T, Yagyu H, Tozawa R, Fujimoto A, Shionoiri F, Yahagi N, Kraemer FB, Tsutsumi O, Yamada N. Targeted disruption of hormone-sensitive lipase results in male sterility and adipocyte hypertrophy but not in obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 787-792, 2000
  36. Levy JR, Davenport B, Clore JN, Stevens W. Lipid metabolism and resistin gene expression in insulin -resistant Fischer 344 rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282: E-626-E623, 2002
  37. Zhang J, Qin Y, Zheng X, Qiu J, Gong L, Mao H, Jia W, Guo J. The relationship between human serum resistin level and body fat content, plasma glucose as well as blood pressure. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 82: 1609-1612, 2002
  38. Lee JH, Bullen Jr JW, Stoyneva VL, Mantzoros CS. Circulating resistin in lean, obese and insulin-resistant mouse models: lack of association with insulinemia and glycemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288: E625-E632, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00184.2004
  39. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, Patel HR, Ahima RS, Lazar MA. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature (London) 409: 307-312, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1038/35053000
  40. Savage DB, Sewter CP, Klenk ES, Segal DG, Vidal-Puig A, Considine RV, O'Rahilly S. Resistin/Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g action in humans. Diabetes 50: 2199-2202, 2001 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.10.2199
  41. Akmaev IG, Sergeev VG. Neuroimmunoendocrinology of the fat tissue. Usp Fiziol Nauk 33: 3-16, 2002
  42. Flier JS. The adipocyte: storage depot or node on the energy information superhighway? Cell 80: 15-18, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90445-X
  43. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Lee GH, Zhang Y, Fei H, Kim S, Lallone R, Ranganathan S. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nat Med 1: 1155-1161, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1195-1155
  44. Kim SO, Yun SJ, Jung B, Lee EH, Shim I, Lee HJ. Hypolipidemic effects of crude extract of adlay seed (Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen) in obesity rat fed high fat diet: Relations of TNF- ${\alpha}$ and leptin mRNA expressions and serum lipid levels. Life Sci 75: 1391-404, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.03.006
  45. Maffei M, Fei H, Lee GH, Dani C, Leroy P, Zhang Y, Proenca R, Negrel R, Ailhaud G, Friedman JM. Increased expressionin adipocytes of ob RNA in mice with lesions of hypothalamus and with mutations at the ob locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 6957-6960, 1995
  46. Kim JH, Hahm DH, Yang DC, Kim JH, LeeHJ, Shim I. Effect of crude saponin of Korean red ginseng on high-fat diet-induced obesity in the rat. J Pharmacol Sci 97: 124-131, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FP0040184
  47. Masuno H, Okuda H. Glycosylation and secretion of lipoprotein lipase by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: effects of brefeldin A. J Atheroscler Thromb 2: 46-52, 1995 https://doi.org/10.5551/jat1994.2.46
  48. Inoue M, Wu CZ, Dou DQ, Chen YJ, Ogihara Y. Lipoprotein lipase activation by red ginseng saponins in hyperlipidemia model animals. Phytomedicine 6: 257-265, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80018-X
  49. Hung PF, Wu BT, Chen HC, Chen YH, Chen CL, Wu MH, Liu HC, Lee MJ, Kao YH. Antimitogenic effect of green tea (-)- epigallocatechin gallate on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes depends on the ERK and Cdk2 pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288: C1094-108, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00569.2004
  50. O'Rourke L, Gronning LM, Yeaman SJ, Shepherd PR. Glucosedependent regulation of cholesterol ester metabolism in macrophages by insulin and leptin. J Biol Chem 277: 42557-42562, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M202151200
  51. Hartman HB, Hu X, Tyler KX, Dalal CK, Lazar MA. Mechanisms regulating adipocyte expression of resistin. J Biol Chem 277: 19754-19761, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M201451200
  52. McTernan PG, McTernan CL, Chetty R, Jenner K, Fisher FM, Lauer MN, Crocker J, Barnett AH, Kumar S. Increased resistin gene and protein expression in human abdominal adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 2407-2410, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.87.5.2407
  53. Banerjee RR, Rangwala SM, Shapiro JS, Rich AS, Rhoades B, Qi Y, Wang J, Rajala MW, Pocai A, Scherer PE, Steppan CM, Ahima RS, Obici S, Rossetti L, and Lazar MA. Regulation of fasted blood glucose by resistin. Science 303: 1195-1198, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092341
  54. Kim KH, Zhao L, Moon Y, Kang C, Sul HS. Dominant inhibitory adipocyte-specific secretory factor (ADSF)/resistin enhances adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 6780-6785, 2004
  55. Xie JT, Mehendale SR, Li X, Quigg R, Wang X, Wang CZ, Wu JA, Aung HH, A Rue P, Bell GI, Yuan CS. Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside re in ob/ob mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1740: 319-325, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.10.010