Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (한국의류학회지)

The Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (한국의류학회)
권호 표지

Consumer Characteristics Relating to Business Jacket Practices -Focus on Working Women in the U.S.-

미국 직장여성들의 비지니스 쟈켓 착용과 관련된 소비자 특성 분석

  • Yoo, Seul-Hee (Dept. of Design College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University)
  • Published : 2006.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

IIn the United States, professional dress codes for working women have changed over time since the 1970s. Considering the changes, from conservative and traditional business uniforms in the 1970s, business casual in the late 1980s through 1990s, and the current revival of tailored business suits, this study investigated working women's business jacket practices and their association with personal, psycho-social, and physical characteristics. Working women's job satisfaction and corporate culture were also examined in relation to business jacket practices. Research data were collected by implementing mail surveys to 1,500 randomly selected working women in the United States. Of the 1,500 distributed questionnaires, a total of 312 were returned, of which 265 were deemed usable, yielding a 20.8% response rate. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage distribution, mean scores, standard deviations, and Canonical Correlation were tabulated. The respondents ranged in age from 22 to 65. The mean age of the respondents was 44 years(SD=9.63). Most respondents were married(77.4%), working full-time(81.4%), career-oriented (77.2%), Caucasian(89.8%), had at least one child(78.9%), and had a professional job(75.9%). Working women's age, number of children, self-confidence in dressing, perceived importance of clothing, body frame size, and visibility to superiors and public were positively associated with business jacket practices, while age of first child, family size, dress size, and job satisfaction were negatively associated with business jacket practices.

본 연구는 미국에서 1980년대 후반기 부터 시작되어, 1990년대를 지나오면서 활성화되었던 비즈니스 캐쥬얼과, 2000년대를 시작하면서 재활성화 되기 시작한 전통적이고 보수적인 직장복 스타일을 배경으로, 미국 직장여성들의 비지니스 쟈켓 착용정도를 그들의 개인적, 인구통계적, 사회경제적, 사회심미적, 신체적 특성과 관련하여 비교 연구하였다 직장의 근무 환경과 직장에 대한 만족도 또한 비지니스 쟈켓 착용정도와 관련하여 비교 검토하였다. 연구대상자는 미국에 거주하는 25세 이상의 직장여성들이였으며, 자료는 1999년도에 Database회사인 National Demographics & Lifestyles(NDL) 에서 무작위로 추출한 1500명의 직장여성들에게 우편을 통한 설문지 조사로 수집되었다. 자료분석에는 빈도, 백분율, 편차, 표준편차를 비롯한, Canonical Correlation이 사용되었다. 분석결과에 의하면, 자료수집에 참여한 미국 직장 여성들의 평균 연령은 44세 였으며, 대부분이 기혼 여성들이였으며(77.4%),전문직에 종사하고 있었으며 (75.9%), 적어도 1명 이상의 자녀가 있었다(78.9%). 가설검증결과에 의하면, 미국 직장여성들의 비즈니스 쟈켓 착용정도에 관련된 요소들은 직장여성들의 (1) 연령, (2) 자녀수, (3) 첫째 자녀의 연령, (4) 가족 사이즈, (5) 의복 착용에 대한 자신감, (6) 직장만족도, (7) 의복의 중요성, (8) 체격 사이즈, (9) 의복 사이즈, (10) 직장상사와 대중과의 교류 정도들 이였다. 그 중에서도, 직장 여성들의 첫째아이의 연령, 가족 사이즈, 직장만족도, 의복 사이즈들은 비지니스 쟈켓 착용 정도와 부정적인 상관관계를 보여 주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bagozzi, R. P. (1980). Performance and satisfaction in an industrial salesforce: An examination of their antecedents and simultaneity. Journal of Marketing, 44(spring), 65-77 https://doi.org/10.2307/1249978
  2. Bixler, S. (1997). The new professional image. Holbrook, MA: Adams Media Corporation
  3. Breseman, B. C., Lennon, S., & Schulz, T. (1999). Obesity and powerlessness. In K. K. Johnson, & S. Lennon (Eds.), Appearance and power (pp. 173-197). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishing
  4. Cassill, N. (1990). Employment orientation of women as a market segmentation variable for apparel. The Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 9, 59-64 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9000900108
  5. Cassill, N. & Drake, M. F. (1987). Employment orientation's influence on lifestyle and evaluative criteria for apparel. Home Economics Research Journal, 16, 23-35 https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X8701600103
  6. Cohen, P. N. & Bianchi, S. M. (1999, December). Marriage, children, and women's employment: what do we know? Monthly Labor Review, 122(2), 22-31
  7. Dalphonse, S. (2000). What you may not know about business casual. Washingtonian, 35, 82
  8. Damhorst, M. L. & Fiore, A. M. (1993) Evaluations of women's suits by male and female personnel interviewers. In J. A. Costa (Ed.), Gender and Consumer Behavior Second Conference Proceedings (pp. 58-60). Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Printing Service
  9. Davis, L. L. & Lennon, S. J. (1985). Self-monitoring, fashion opinion leadership, and attitudes toward clothing. In M. R. Solomon (Ed.), The psychology of fashion (pp. 177182). Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company
  10. Dillon, L. S. (1980). Business dress for women corporate professionals. Home Economics Research Journal, 9, 124-129 https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X8000900204
  11. Douglas, S. & Solomon, M. (1983). Clothing the female executive: Fashion or fortune? New York University Institute of Retail Management Working Paper Number 83-2
  12. Dubinsky, A. J. & Hartley, S. W. (1986). A path-analytic study of a model of salesperson performance. Journal of Applied Marketing Science, 14, 36-46 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722111
  13. Forsythe, S., Butler, S., & Kim, M. (1991). Fashion adoption: Theory and pragmatics. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 9(4),8-15 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9100900402
  14. Hamermesh, D. S. & Biddle, J. E. (1994). Beauty and the labor market. The American Economic Review, 84, 1174-1194
  15. Jenkins, H. W. (2001, November 21). Business world: Uptight is back in style. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 17, 2004, from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=11&sid=1&srchmode=1&vinst=P
  16. Kaplan-Leiserson, E. (2000). Casual dress: Back-to-business attire. Training and Development, 54, 38-39
  17. Kim, S. (2004, April 14). Samsung, LG thread opposite paths: Electronics rivals' dress codes bare casual and conservative corporate cultures. The Korean Herald Retrieved December 17,2004, from http://web.lexis-nexis. com/universe/document?_m=e9f8a232c78c017c2d
  18. Kimle, P. A. & Damhorst, M. L. (1997). A ground theory model of the ideal business image for women. Symbolic Interaction, 20(1),45-68 https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1997.20.1.45
  19. Lennox, R. D. & Wolfe, R. N. (1984). Revision of the selfmonitoring scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1349-1364 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1349
  20. Lucas, G. H., Babakus, E., & Ingram, T. N. (1990). An empirical test of the job satisfaction-turnover relationship: Assessing the role of job performance for retail managers. Journal of Applied Marketing Science, 18, 199-208 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02726471
  21. Unilever, A. G. (2004, July). Women's level of comfort with their appearance varies with race and income. Marketing Women, 17(7), 1,6
  22. Molloy, J. T. (1977). Women s dress for success. New York, NY: Warner Books
  23. Molloy, J. T. (1996). New womens dress for success. New York, NY: Warner Books
  24. Ogle, J. P. & Damhorst, M. L. (1999). Dress for success in the popular press. In K. K. Johnson, & S. Lennon (Eds.), Appearance and power (pp. 79-101). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishing
  25. Peterson, E. (2002). Dressing up corporate casual. Wearable Business, 6( 15), 36-41
  26. Rabolt, N. J. (1984). Career-oriented women s dress: Input, Influence, and mediating forces. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
  27. Rucker, M., Anderson, E., & Kangas, A. (1999). Clothing, power, and the workplace. In K. K. Johnson, & S. Lennon (Eds.), Appearance and power (pp. 59-77). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishing
  28. Rudd, N. A. & Lennon, S. J. (1999). Social power and appearance management among women In K. K. Johnson, & S. Lennon (Eds.). Appearance and Power (pp. 153-172). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishing
  29. Salant, P. & Dillman, D. A. (1994). How to conduct your own survey. New York, NY; John Wiley & Sons, In
  30. Shim, S. & Biekle, M. C. (1994). Benefit segments of the female apparel market: psychographies, shopping orientations, and demographics. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 12, 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9401200201
  31. Shim, S. & Drake, M. F. (1988). Apparel selection by employed women: A typology of information search pattern. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 6, 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X8800600201
  32. Shim, S. & Kotsiopulos, A. (1992). Patronage behavior of apparel shopping: Part I. Shopping orientations, store attributes, information sources, and personal characteristics. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 10, 49-57
  33. Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 526-537 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037039
  34. Speer, J. K. (2004, February 2). The return of the suit. Apparel. Retrieved December 17, 2004, from http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_ m=2b3c9411c52156de5
  35. Sproles, G. B. (1979). Fashion: Consumer behavior toward dress. Minneapolis: Burgess
  36. Thurston, J., Lennon, S., & Clayton, R. (1990). Influence of age, body type, fashion, and garment type on women's professional image. Home Economics Research Journal, 19, 139-150 https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X9001900204
  37. U.S. Census Bureau. (1999). Statistical Abstract of the United State. Retrieved October 5, 2005, from http:// www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract-us.html
  38. U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-2005). Statistical Abstract of the United State. Retrieved October 5, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract-04.html
  39. Yoo, S. (2003). Design elements and consumer characteristics relating to design preferences of working females. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 21(2),49-62 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0302100201