비브리오 패혈증에 미치는 LDL의 영향

The Effect of LDL on Vibrio vulnificus Septicemia

  • 김종현 (전북대학교 병원 산부인과학교실) ;
  • 김종석 (전북대학교 의과대학 생화학교실) ;
  • 류완희 (전북대학교 병원 내과학교실) ;
  • 허현 (동국대학교 이과대학 미생물학 교실)
  • Kim, Jong-Hyeon (Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chonbuk National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Suk (Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School) ;
  • Yoo, Wan-Hee (Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital) ;
  • Hur, Hyeon (Department of Microbiology, Dongkook University, College of Science)
  • 발행 : 2006.12.30

초록

비브리오 불니피쿠스는 우리의 식생활과 밀접한 관계가 있는 어패류와 바닷물에 의해 간경화 같은 만성 간질환 환자에 주로 감염되어 높은 치사율을 보이는 비브리오. 패혈증을 일으킨다. 그러나 현재까지도 항생제 같은 대증적 요법 외 효과적인 치료 및 예방 방법이 없는 실정이다. 최근 혈중 LDL같은 지단백질 이 감염 과 염증반응에 중요한 방어작용을 가지고 있음이 알려졌다. 따라서 LDL이 비브리오 패혈증에 영향을 미치는지 평가해 보았다. 비브리오 패혈증을 일으키는 비브리오 불니피쿠스 균을 배양하고, 대표적인 병태 인자인 비브리오 불니피쿠스 cytolysin를 추출하여 cytolysin의 용혈 활성에 혈청, 콜레스테롤 및 LDL의 영향을 조사하였다. 그리고 마우스에 직접 LDL를 복강 내 주입하여 혈중농도를 변화시킨 후 비브리오 불니피쿠스 균의 마우스 사망률을 조사하였다. 또한 전북 지역 대학 병원에서 비브리오 패혈증 환자에서 생존한 환자와 사망한 환자의 콜레스테롤과 LDL를 조사하였다. 비브리오 불니피쿠스 cytolysin의 용혈 활성은 혈청, cholesterol 및 LDL에 의해 억제되었다. 비브리오 불니피쿠스 균의 마우스 사망률은 LDL을 주입한 경우 40%나 사망률이 낮게 나타났다. 전북 지역 대학 병원에 비브리오 패혈증으로 입원 중인 환자 (15명)의 혈액 분석에서 정상 수준의 콜레스테롤 $(190.8{\pm}16.3)$과 혈청 지단백질 LDL $(53.3{\pm}40.7)$을 가진 환자는 모두 생존하였다 (4명). 그러나 정상보다 낮은 수치 ($35.6{\pm}13.9,\;LDL;\;59.2{\pm}15.1$, 콜레스테롤)를 보이는 환자는 사망하였다 (11명). 콜레스테롤과 LDL은 비브리오 불니피쿠스 cytolysin의 독작용의 억제 요소로서, 비브리오 패혈증의 예후에 중요한 요소임이 밝혀졌다. 또한 이는 콜레스테롤과 LDL이 비브리오 패혈증의 예방과 치료에 중요한 지표가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus is known to be a foodborne pathogen that causes septicemia in human. V. vulnificus infection is characterized by the high fatality rates and the primary attack against a person who have underlying diseases such as liver cirrhosis. However, there is no effective treatment for V. vulnificus septicemia except for classical treatments such as antibiotics. Recently, it has been known that lipoprotein (LDL) plays a major role in the protection against infection and inflammation. Consequently in this paper we analyzed the effects of LDL on V. vulnificus septicemia. We purified V. vulnificus cytolysin, a major virulent factor of V. vulnificus infection and measured inhibitory effects of mouse serum, cholesterol, and LDL on its hemolytic activity. Next experiments were performed to investigate whether LDL has a protective role against septicemia induced by V. vulnificus in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of LDL (1mg as protein) into mice 3hr before V. vulnificus $(1\times10^6\;CFU)$ injection, and V. vulnificus -induced lethality was determined. For the determination the relationship between LDL or cholesterol and prognosis, we determined serum levels of cholesterol and lipoprotein from V. vulnificus septicemia patients (n=15) who had visited the Chonbuk National University Hospital in Chonju. V. vulnificus cytolysin -induced hemolysis of mice erythrocytes was completely inhibited by serum, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. V. vulnificus- induced lethality of mice injected with LDL showed only 40% compared to 100% of control. In survival groups (n=4) of V. vulnificus septicemia patients (n=15), their serum LDL and cholesterol revealed normal levels ($153.3{\pm}40.7,\;LDL;\;190.8{\pm}16.3$, Total cholesterol). However, in death groups (n=11) showed very low levels ($35.6{\pm}13.9,\;LDL;\;59.2{\pm}15.1$, Total cholesterol). Our study indicates that cholesterol and LDL are a prognosis indicator of V. vulnificus septicemia as well as an inhibitor of virulent action of V. vulnificus cytolysin. We suggested that the serum levels of cholesterol or LDL would be major index in the treatment and prevention of V. vulnificus septicemia.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Blakes, P.A., Merson, M.H., Weaver, R.E., Hollis, D.G., Heublein, P.C.: Disease caused by a marine Vibrio. Clinical characteristics and epidemiology. N. Engl. J. Med 300, 1-5 (1979) https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197901043000101
  2. Kreger, A.S. and Lockwood, D.: Detection of extracellular toxin(s) produced by Vibrio vulnificus. Infect. Immun. 33, 583-590 (1981)
  3. Gray, L.D. and Kreger, A.S.: Purification and characterization of an extracellular cytolysin produced by Vibrio vulnificus. Infect. Immun. 48, 62-72 (1985)
  4. Miyoshi, S. and Shinoda, S.: Role of the protease in the permeability enhancement by Vibrio vulnificus. Microbial. Immunol. 32, 1025-1032 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01467.x
  5. Wright, A.C., Simpson, L.M. and Oliver, J.D.: Role of iron in the pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus infections. Infect. Immun. 34, 503-507 (1981)
  6. Kim, HR., Rho, HW., Jeong, MH., Park, JW., Kim, JS., Park, BH., Kim, UH. and Park, SD.: Hemolytic mechanism of cytolysin produced from V. vulnificus. Life Sci. 53, 571-577 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(93)90714-E
  7. Kim, HR., Park, SD., Park, JW., Jeong, MH., Kim, JS. and Park, BH.: Purification and characterization of cytolysin produced by Vibrio vulnificus. Kor. J. Biochem. 24, 7-12 (1992)
  8. Park, JW., Ma, SN., Song, ES., Chae, MR., Park, BH., Rho, HW., Park, SD. and Kim, HR.: Pulmonary damage by V. vulnificus cytolysin. Infect. Immun. 64, 2873-2879 (1996)
  9. Kim, BS. and Kim, JS.: Cholesterol induces Oligomerization of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin specifically. Exp. Mol. Med 34, 239-242 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2002.33
  10. Canturk, N.Z., Canturk, Z., Okay, E., Yirmibesoglu, O. and Eraldemir, B.: Risk of nosocomial infections and effects of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol in surgical patients. Clin. Nutr. 21, 431-436 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2002.0575
  11. Kreger, A.S., Kothary, M.H. and Gray, L.D.: Cytolytic toxins of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio damsela. Methods Enzymol. 165, 176-189 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(88)65028-2
  12. Bernheimer, A.W. and Schwartz, L.L.: Isolation and composition of staphylococcal alpha toxin. J. Gen. Microbiol. 30, 455-468 (1963) https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-30-3-455
  13. Koo, BS., Lee, DS., Yang, JY., Kang, MK., Sohn, HS. and Park, JW.: Lipoprotein lipase-mediated uptake of glycated LDL. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33, 148-154 (2000)
  14. Delgado-Rodriguez, M., Medina-Cuadros, M., Gomez-Ortega, A., Martinez-Gallego, G, Mariscal-Ortiz, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. and Sillero-Arenas, M.: Cholesterol and serum albumin levels as predictors of cross infection, death, and length of hospital stay. Arch. Surg. 137, 805-812 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.137.7.805
  15. Parker, TS, Levine, DM, Chang, JC, Laxer, J, Coffin, CC. and Rubin, AL.: Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein neutralizes gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides in human whole blood. Infect. Immun. 63, 253-258 (1995)
  16. Netea, M.G., de Bont N, Demacker, P.N., Kullberg, B.J., Jacobs, L.E., Verver-Jansen, T.J., Stalenhoef, A.F. and Van der Meer, J.W.: Lipoprotein(a) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production by human mononuclear cells. Infect. Immun. 66, 2365-2367 (1998)
  17. Fussle, R., Bhakdi, S., Sziegoleit, A., Tranum J.J. and Kranz, T. & Wellensiek, H.J.: On the mechanism of membrane damage by Staphylococcus aureus $\alpha$-toxin. J. Cell Biol. 91, 83-94 (1981) https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.91.1.83