Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Green Tea Powder on the Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Functions in Rats treated by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

녹차가 다이옥신계 TCDD(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)에 노출된 흰쥐의 지질대사 및 간 독성물질대사에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Joon-Ho (Dept. of consumers' Life Information, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Sook (Dept. of consumers' Life Information, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Hwang, Seok-Youn (Dept. of Clinical Laboratory Science, Juseong College)
  • 이준호 (충남대학교 생활과학대학 소비자생활정보학과) ;
  • 김현숙 (충남대학교 생활과학대학 소비자생활정보학과) ;
  • 황석연 (주성대학 임상병리학과)
  • Published : 2006.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of green tea on the disorders of lipid metabolism, oxidative system and hepatic functions induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), using adult male rats (SD) for 3 weeks. These 36 animals were divided into four groups. TCDD ($50{\mu}g/kg$ BW) was intraperitoneally injected at the beginning of experiment. Green tea powder was added 1% or 3% levels in basal diets respectively. Relative weights of thymus were decreased about one-third of control group, but those of liver, brain and testis were significantly increased in rats treated TCDD. Neutrophill% and lymphocyte% by TCDD treatment was improved by green tea diets. In liver functional enzyme, elevation of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities due to TCDD treatment was lowered by green tea diets. The concentrations of serum and liver lipids were significantly increased by TCDD treatment, however, those of serum and liver triglyceride tended to decrease by green tea diets. Fecal lipid excretion was increased in rats fed green tea diets. Especially, fecal total cholesterol level was significantly elevated by 3% green tea diets. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased in rats fed 3% green tea diets. Increment of benzphetamine N-demethylase (BPND) activity by TCDD treatment was declined by 1% green tea diets. These results indicate that green tea can exert improving effects on liver lipid accumulation and unfavorable hepatic functions, and elevate antioxidation.

다이옥신계 TCDD에 노출된 흰쥐의 지질대사, 및 간 독성물질대사에 있어서 녹차의 방어효과를 알아보고자 Sprague-Dawley rat(수컷, 6주령)를 이용하여 녹차는 건분으로 1%, 3% 첨가식이를 공급하고 TCDD는 실험 초에 복강내 주입하여 3주간 실험하였다. 사육 종료후 혈액조성과 혈청, 간 및 변의 지질을 분석하고 간 조직에서 항산화 효소 활성도와 간 독성물질대사 관련효소의 활성도를 측정하였다. 체중증가와 식이섭취량이 TCDD투여군 모두에서 감소하였다. 간과 뇌 및 고환의 중량은 TCDD투여군에서 모두 유의적으로 증가하였는데 흉선의 무게는 TCDD투여군 모두에서 대조군의 1/3 정도로 현저하게 감소하였고 녹차에 의한 효과는 보이지 않았다. 혈액성분에서 적혈구, 백혈구의 수와 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크리트의 값은 군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈소판의 수와 lymphocyte%가 TCDD투여에 의해 저하되었다가 녹차 3% 첨가군에서 증가되어 개선되는 경향을 보였다. neutrophill%는 TCDD투여에 의해 상승했다가 녹차 첨가에 의해 저하되는 경향이었다. 간 기능 지표가 되는 효소인 혈청 GOT와 ALP활성도에서는 TCDD투여에 의한 상승을 녹차첨가에 의해 저하시켜 개선되었다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-, LDL-콜레스테롤함량은 모두 대조군보다 TCDD 투여군에서 모두 높은 경향을 보였으며 녹차의 콜레스테롤 저하효과는 나타나지 않았다. 혈청 triglyceride는 녹차 첨가식이에 의해 저하되는 경향을 보였다. 간의 콜레스테롤 및 triglyceride 함량은 TCDD투여에 의해 2배정도의 상승을 보였는데 녹차 3%첨가에 의해 억제작용이 나타났다. 변의 총 배설량과 총지질, 총콜레스테롤의 배설량이 녹차 첨가에 의해 현저하게 많았으며 특히 콜레스테롤 배설이 녹차 3% 첨가식이에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 따라서 녹차의 성분이 지질흡수를 저하시키고 배설을 촉진하는 작용이 확인되었다. 항산화효소인 SOD의 활성도가 다른 군보다 녹차 3% 첨가 식이군에서 유의적으로 높아 녹차의 항산화성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 간의 독성물질대사 효소활성도에서 TCDD투여에 의한 NADPH cytochrome p-450 reductase의 상승을 녹차 3%첨가 식이에 의해, 그리고 cytochrome p-450 의존성 monooxigenase인 BPND는 TCDD투여에 의한 상승을 녹차 1% 첨가식이에 의해 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과에서 녹차가 TCDD투여에 의한 간지질의 축적을 억제시키고 변으로 지질배설량을 증가시켰으며 간 기능에 관련된 효소활성도를 정상화시키는 경향이 있었고 항산화효소인 SOD 활성도를 상승시켜 항산화성을 높이는 것이 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kwon HJ, Yu HC, Kim JW. 2003. Food Safety. Kyomunsa, Seoul. p 169-171
  2. Hanson JD. 1991. Dioxin toxicity: New studies prompt debate, regulatory action. C & EN Aug. 12: 7-14
  3. Brewster DW, Matsumura F. 1984. TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) reduces lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue of the guinea pig. Biochem Biophys Res Commum 122: 810-817 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(84)80106-0
  4. Harris MW, Moore JA, Vos JG, Gupta BN. 1973. General biological effects of TCDD in laboratory animals. Environ Health Perspect 9: 101-109
  5. Swift LL, Gasiewicz TA, Dunn D, Soule PD, Neal RA. 1981. Characterization of the hyperlipidemia in guinea pigs induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxical Appl Pharmacol 59: 489-499 https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(81)90302-1
  6. Shertzer HG, Nebert DW, Puga A, Ary M, Sonntag D, Dixon K, Robinson LJ, Cianciolo E, Dalton TP. 1998. Dioxin causes a sustained oxidative stress response in the mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commum 253: 44-48 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9753
  7. Enan E, Liu PCC, Matsumura F. 1992. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes reduction of glucose transporting activities in the plasma membrane of adipose tissue and pancreas from the guinea pig. J Biol Chem 267: 19785-19791
  8. Jones G, Butler WH. 1992. A morphological study of the liver lesion induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. J Path 112: 93-97
  9. Germolec DR, Henry EC, Maronpot R, Foley JF, Adams NH, Gasiewicz TA, Luster MI. 1996. Induction of CYP1A1 and ALDH-3 in lymphoid tissue from Fisher 344 rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxical Appl Pharmacol 137: 57-66 https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1996.0057
  10. Marilyn AF. 1991. Cancer mortality in workers exposed 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. New Engl J Med 324: 212-218 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199101243240402
  11. Hakansson H, Johansson L, Manzoor E, Ahlborg UG. 1994. Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in four rodent specis. Eur J Pharmacol 270: 279-284
  12. Iba MM, Fung J, Cooper KR, Thomas PE, Wagner GC, Park Y. 2000. Effect of gestational and lactational exposure on the level and catalytic activities of hepatic microsomal CYPIA in prepubertal and adult rats. Biochem Pharmacol 59: 1147-1154 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00415-3
  13. Sakai H, Park SS, Kikkawa Y. 1992. Differential oxidase activity of hepatic and pulmonary microsomal cytochrome p-450 isozymes after treatment with cytochrome p-450 inducers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187: 1262-1269 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)90439-R
  14. Lee JH, Hwang SY, Lee YS. 2005. Preventive effects of chitosan on the disorders of hepatic functions and lipid metabolism in rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD). Korean J Nutr 38: 689-697
  15. Vos JG, Moore JA, Zinkl JG. 1973. Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the immune system of laboratory animals. Environ Health Perspectives 5: 149-162 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428123
  16. Smialowicz RJ, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Diliberto JJ. 1994. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on humoral immunity and lymphocyte subpopulations: differences between mice and rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 124: 248-256 https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1994.1029
  17. Chae SK. 1996. Food chemistry. Hyoil Publishing Co., Seoul. p 352-353
  18. Matsuzaki T, Hata Y. 1985. Antioxidative activity of tea leaf catechins. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaish 59: 129-134 https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.59.129
  19. Rhee SJ. 2003. Physiological activities of green tea. United symposium on the development and research direction of functional food. p 21-27
  20. Ikeda I, Masato Y, Nakayama M, Takeo T, Yayabe F, Sugano M. 1991. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. International symposium on tea science (shizuoka) Abstr. 11-A-3
  21. Tomita I, Nakamura Y, Sano M, Watanabe J, Miura S, Suzuki N, Yoshino K. 1993. Preventive effects of green tea against oxidative damage and mutagenesis. Proceedings of the 2nd International symposium on green tea. September 1: 69-73
  22. Kang WS. 1995. Antithrombotic activities of polyphenols in green tea. MS thesis. Chungbuk Nat'l Univ. p 32-33
  23. Lee JH. 1993. Antiplatelets activities of tea catechins. MS thesis. Chungbuk Nat'l Univ. p 20
  24. Ryu SM, Chang NS. 2002. Antiioxidative effects of green tea powder diet against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in 9 month old rat brain regions. Korean J Nutr 35: 24-29
  25. Yang JA, Rhee SJ. 2000. Effects of green tea catechin on platelet phospholipase $A_2$ activity and the liver antioxidative defence system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Sci Nutr 5: 213-218
  26. Hanasaki Y, Ogawa S, Fukui S. 1994. The correlation between active oxygens scavenging and antioxidative effects of flavonoids. Free Radic Biol Med 16: 845-850 https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(94)90202-X
  27. Hatano T, Yasuhara T, Yoshihara R, Okuda Y. 1991. Inhibitory effects of galloylated flavonoids on xanthine oxidase. Planta Med 57: 83-84 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960028
  28. Cheng SJ. 1986. The preliminary study of inhibitory effects of green tea antioxidant on mutation. Acta Expermental Biology 9: 328-334
  29. Hayashi E, Hayashi M, Yamazoe HY. 1990. Pharmacological action of tea extract on the central nervous system in mice. Oyo Yakuri 40: 351-356
  30. Kada T, Kaneko K, Matsuzaki T, Hara Y. 1985. Detection and chemical identification of natural bioantimutagens. Mutat Res 150: 127-131 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(85)90109-5
  31. Faas MM, Van Der Schaaf G, Schipper M, Moes H. 2003. Glomerular immunoglobulin deposits induce glomerular inflation in pregnant but not in non-pregnat rats. Am J Reprod Immunol 49: 57-63 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00035.x
  32. American Institute of Nutrition. 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 123: 1939-1951 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.11.1939
  33. Folch J, Less M, Sloaestanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226: 497-502
  34. Sperry WM, Webb M. 1950. A revision of the Schoenheimer- Sperry method for cholesterol determination. J Biol Chem 187: 97-106
  35. Fletcher MJ. 1968. A colorimetric method for estimating serum triglycerides. Clin Chim Acta 22: 393-397 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(68)90041-7
  36. Tokunaga T, Oku T, Hosoya N. 1986. Influence of chronic intake of new sweetener fructooligosaccaharide (neosugar) on growth and gastrointestinal function of the rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 32: 111-121 https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.32.111
  37. Lee DW, Yu BP. 1990. Modulation of free radicals and superoxide dismutase by age and dietary restriction. Aging Clin Exp Res 2: 357-362 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03323951
  38. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reasent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275
  39. Bansal SK, Love J, Gurtoo HL. 1983. High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450. Biochem Biophys Res Commum 117: 268- 274 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(83)91570-X
  40. Omura T, Sato P. 1964. The carbon monoxide-binding pigment of liver microsomes. Ecidence for its hemoprotein nature. J Biol Chem 239: 2370-2378
  41. Williams CH Jr, Kamin M. 1962. Microsomal triphosphopyridine nucleotide-cytochrome C reductase of liver. J Biol Chem 237: 587-595
  42. Greenlee WF, Poland A. 1978. An improved assay of 7-ethoxycoumarine O-deethylase activity: Induction of hepatic enzyme activity in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice by phenovarvital, 3-methyl-cholanthrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin. J Pharmac Exp Ther 205: 596-605
  43. Thomas PE, Lu AYH, Ryant D, West B, Kawarek J, Levin W. 1976. Multiple forms of rat liver cytochrome P-450. Immunochemical evidence with antibody against cytochrome P-448. J Biol Chem 251: 1385-1391
  44. Kien CL, Ganther HE. 1983. Manifestations of chronic selenium defiency in a child receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 37: 319-328 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/37.2.319
  45. Webb KB, Ayers SM, Mikes J, Evans G. 1986. The diagnosis of dioxin-associated illness. Am J Prev Med 2: 103-108 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(18)31356-4
  46. Kwon MN, Choi JS, Byun DS. 1993. Effect of flavonoid(+)-catechin as stabilizer in rat fed fresh and peroxidized fish oil. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 22: 381-391
  47. Kim SK, Lee HJ, Kim MK. 2001. Effect of water and ethanol extracts of persimon leaf and green tea different conditions on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in 12- month-old rats. Korean J Nutr 34: 499-512
  48. Matsuda H, Chisaka T, Kubomura Y, Yamahara J, Sawada T, Fujimura H, Kimura H. 1986. Effect of crude drug on experimental hypercholesterolemia. 1. Tea and its active principles. J Ethnopharmacol 17: 213-214 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90110-8
  49. Hilton DE, Glaumann H, Trump BF. 1978. Studies on the cellular toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 1. Effects of PCBs on microsomal enzymes and on synthesis and turnover of microsomal and cytoplasmic lipids of rat liver; a morphological and biochemical study. Virchows Arch B 27: 279-306
  50. Chang NS, Ryu SM. 2001. Antioxidative effects of green tea powder diet against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in rat brain regions. Korean J Nutr 34: 525-531
  51. Park GY. 1995. Effects of green tea catechin on the peroxidative damage and antioxidative defense system in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. MS thesis. Taegu Hyosung Catholic Univ. p 44-45
  52. Ryan DE, Levin W. 1992. Purification and characterization of hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 inducers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187: 1262-1269 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)90439-R
  53. Kang HS. 2002. Effects of chitosan and chitosan oligomer diets on the lipid metabolic disorders in rats treated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). PhD Dissertation. Seoul Nat'l Univ. p 127-128