Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회지)

The Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회)
권호 표지

Cross-Cultural Differences in Temperament Among Korean-Chinese, Chinese in Yanji and Korean Children

연변 지역의 조선족과 한족 및 한국 아동의 기질 비교

  • Park Hyewon (Dept. Child & Family Welfare, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Park Min-Jung (College of Human Ecology, Kyunghee University)
  • 박혜원 (울산대학교 아동가정복지 전공) ;
  • 박민정 (경희대학교 생활과학대학)
  • Published : 2005.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the cross-cultural differences in temperament among Chinese, Korean-Chinese, and Korean children. Subjects were 1,046(258 Korean-Chinese, 290 Chinese, and 498 Korean) 4th graders from Yanji in China and Seoul and Ulsan in Korea. The short form of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire Scale-Revised containing 10 scales of 54 items was translated into Korean for Korean and Korean-Chinese children and into Chinese for Chinese children and was administered to children via home-room teachers. Chinese children rated themselves higher on activation control, attention, and pleasure- and perceptual-sensitivity subscales than other groups. On the contrary, Chinese-Korean children rated themselves higher on the affiliation subscale and Korean children rated themselves higher on the aggression subscale than other groups. There were larger gender differences among Chinese and Korean-Chinese than among Korean children: Gender difference was found in activation control, aggression, and attention subscales among Chinese children and in affiliation, aggression, attention and fear subscales among Korean-Chinese. There was only significant difference in pleasure sensitivity among Korean. Rapid westernization in Korea seems to be responsible for this result. Since there were significant differences of temperament between Korean and Korean-Chinese, and between Chinese and Korean-Chinese, it was interpreted that children's temperament is influenced by both their environment and genetic endowment.

Keywords

References

  1. 문혁준(2000). 아동의 기질적 특성과 부모 훈육방법. 대한가정학회지, 38(6), 29-41
  2. 세계일보 2005년 1월 1일 제 7면. [잊혀진 한국인들]. (1) 동포사회 실태. 못 이룬 한국 꿈에 우는 한민족 이방인들.
  3. 원영미, 박혜원, 이귀옥(2004). 유아의 기질과 가정환경 및 유아의 부적응행동간의 관계: 연변 조선족과 한국 유아의 비교연구. 유아교육연구, 24(2), 311-333
  4. 천희영(1993). 한국아동의 기질 유형화와 어머니 양육태도. 연세대학교 대학원 박사학위논문
  5. 최경아(2004). 영재 아동의 기질 특성 분석. 울산대학교 대학원 석사학위논문
  6. 최연희(2001). 학령전 아동의 기질. 부모의 훈육방식 및 문제행동간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 대학 원 석사학위논문
  7. Abe, J. A. A. & Izard, C. E. (1999). Compliance, noncompliance strategies, and the correlates of compliance in 5-year-old Japanese and American children. Social Development, 8, 1-20 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00077
  8. Ahadi, S. A., Rothbart, M. K., & Ye, R. (1993). Children's temperament in the US and China: similarities and differences. Eurapean Journal of Personality, 7, 359-377 https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410070506
  9. Borstein, M. H., Haynes, O. M., Azuma, H., Galperin, G. M., Maitel, S., Ogino, M., Painter, I., Pscual, L., Pecheux, M. G, Rahn, G., Toda, S., Venutri, P., Vyt, A., & Wright, B. (1998). A crossnational study of self-evaluations and attributions in parenting: Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United States. Develapmental Psychology, 34, 662-676. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.662
  10. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human develapment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
  11. Buss, A. H. & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
  12. Caudil, W. & Frost, L. (1972). A comparison of maternal care and infant behavior in Japanese-American, American, and Japanese families. In U. Bronfenbrenner(Ed.), Influences on human deveIapment. Hinsdale, IL:Dryden Press
  13. Ellis, E. & Rothbart, M. (1999). Revision of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. University of Oregon
  14. Gartstein, M., Slobodskaya, H., & Kinsht, I. (2003). Cross-cultural differences in temperament in the first year of life: United States of America and Russia. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(4), 316-328 https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250244000344
  15. Hart, C. H., Yang, C. Nelson, L. J., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, R, A., Nelson, D. A., Porter, C. L., Jin, S., Olsen, S. F., & Wu, P. (2000). Peer acceptance in early childhood and subtypes of socially withdrawn behaviour in China, Russia, and the United States. International Journal of Psychology, 24(1), 73-81
  16. Ho, D. Y. F. (1986). Chinese patterns of socialization: A critical review. In M. H. Bond(Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people. New York: Oxford University press
  17. Ho, D. Y. F. & Kang, T. K. (1984). Intergenerational comparisons of child-rearing attitudes and practices in Hong Kong. Developmental Psychology, 5, 186-195 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031423
  18. Kagan, J., Kearsley, R. B., & Zelazo, P. R. (1978). Infancy; Its place in human development. New York: Wiley
  19. Kohnstamm, G. A. (1989). Temperament in Childhood: Cross-cultural and sex differences. in G. A Kohnstamm, J. E. Bates, & M. K Rothbart(Eds.), Temperament in childhood(483-508). Chichester, England: Wiley
  20. Lai, A C, Zhang, Z., & Wang, W. (2000). Maternal child-rearing practices in Hong Kong and Beijing Chinese families: A Comparative study. International Journal of Psychology, 35(1), 60-66 https://doi.org/10.1080/002075900399529
  21. Rothbart, M. K (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569-578 https://doi.org/10.2307/1129176
  22. Rothbart, M. K, Ahadi, S. A, & Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigation of temperament at three to seven years: the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72, 1394-1408 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00355
  23. Rothbart, M. K, Ahadi, S. A., & Hersy, K L. (1994). Temperament and social behavior in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40(1), 21-39
  24. Rubin, K. H. (1998). Social and emotional development from a cultural perspective. Developmental Psychology, 34, 611-615 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.611
  25. Russell, A., Hart, C. H, Robinson, C. C. & Olsen, S. F. (2003). Children's social and aggressive behavior with peers; a comparison of the US and Australia, and contributions of temperament and parenting styles. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(1), 74-86 https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250244000038
  26. Scott, A. M. (2003). Factors affecting goodness of fit in kindergarten classrooms. University of Florida. Doctoral Dissertation
  27. Shaffer, D. (2000). Social and personality development. Belmont, CA.: Wadsworth
  28. Simonds, M. P. & Simonds, J. F. (1982). Relationship of maternal parenting behaviors to preschool children's temperament. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 12, 19-31 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00706670
  29. Thomas, A. & Chess, S. (1980). The dynamics of psychological development. New York: Brunner /Mazel
  30. Thomas, A., Chess, S., & Birch, H. (1968). Temperament and behavior disorders in children. New York New York Univ. Press
  31. Windle, M., Iwawaki, S., & Lerner, R. M. (1988). Cross-cultural comparability of temperament among Japanese and American preschool children. International Journal of Psychology, 23, 547-567 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207598808247785