Usefulness of Troponin-I, Lactate, C-reactive protein as a Prognostic Markers in Critically Ill Non-cardiac Patients

비 순환기계 중환자의 예후 인자로서의 Troponin-I, Lactate, C-reactive protein의 유용성

  • Cho, Yu Ji (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ham, Hyeon Seok (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Hwi Jong (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Ho Cheol (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong Deok (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hwang, Young Sil (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 조유지 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 함현석 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김휘종 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김호철 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이종덕 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 황영실 (경상대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2005.03.21
  • Accepted : 2005.05.04
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

Background : The severity scoring system is useful for predicting the outcome of critically ill patients. However, the system is quite complicated and cost-ineffective. Simple serologic markers have been proposed to predict the outcome, which include troponin-I, lactate and C-reactive protein(CRP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic values of troponin-I, lactate and CRP in critically ill non-cardiac patients. Methods : From September 2003 to June 2004, 139 patients(Age: $63.3{\pm}14.7$, M:F = 88:51), who were admitted to the MICU with non-cardiac critical illness at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, were enrolled in this study. This study evaluated the severity of the illness and the multi-organ failure score (Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health EvaluationII, Simplified Acute Physiologic ScoreII and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) and measured the troponin-I, lactate and CRP within 24 hours after admission in the MICU. Each value in the survivors and non-survivors was compared at the 10th and 30th day after ICU admission. The mortality rate was compared at 10th and 30th day in normal and abnormal group. In addition, the correlations between each value and the severity score were assessed. Results : There were significantly higher troponin-I and CRP levels, not lactate, in the non-survivors than in the survivors at 10th day($1.018{\pm}2.58ng/ml$, $98.48{\pm}69.24mg/L$ vs. $4.208{\pm}10.23ng/ml$, $137.69{\pm}70.18mg/L$) (p<0.05). There were significantly higher troponin-I, lactate and CRP levels in the non-survivors than in the survivors on the 30th day ($0.99{\pm}2.66ng/ml$, $8.02{\pm}9.54ng/dl$, $96.87{\pm}68.83mg/L$ vs. $3.36{\pm}8.74ng/ml$, $15.42{\pm}20.57ng/dl$, $131.28{\pm}71.23mg/L$) (p<0.05). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the abnormal group of troponin-I, lactate and CRP than in the normal group of troponin-I, lactate and CRP at 10th day(28.1%, 31.6%, 18.9% vs. 11.0%, 15.8 %, 0%) and 30th day(38.6%, 47.4%, 25.8% vs. 15.9%, 21.7%, 14.3%) (p<0.05). Troponin-I and lactate were significantly correlated with the SAPS II score($r^2=0.254$, 0.365, p<0.05). Conclusion : Measuring the troponin-I, lactate and CRP levels upon admission may be useful for predicting the outcome of critically ill non-cardiac patients.

배 경 : 중환자에서 질환의 중증도 평가체계는 예후를 평가하는데 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 이들은 다소 복잡하고 비용-효과 면이 있어 보다 손쉽게 예후를 예측할 수 있는 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 등과 같은 생화적 지표에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구는 비 순환기계 중환자에서 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치가 예후 인자로서 유용한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2003년 9월부터 2004년 6월까지 경상대학교 병원 내과계 중환자실에 비 순환기계 질환으로 입원한 환자 139명(63.3{\pm}14.7세, 남:여=88:31)을 대상으로 하였다. 중환자실 입원 24시간내 APACHE II, SAPS II와 SOFA 점수를 이용해 질환의 중증도와 다장기부전의 정도를 평가하였고 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치를 측정하였다. 중환자 입원 후 재원 10일째와 30일째 생존군과 비 생존군의 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치를 서로 비교하였고 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치가 정상인 군과 비정상인 군간의 재원 10일째 및 30일째 사망률을 비교하였다. 또한 각 지표와 중증도 평가체계인 SAPS II와 SOFA 점수와의 상관 관계를 조사하였다 결 과 : 재원 10일째 비생존군의 입원 당시 측정한 troponin-I와 CRP 수치는 각각 $4.208{\pm}10.23ng/ml$, $137.69 {\pm}70.18mg/L$로 생존군의 $1.018{\pm}2.58ng/ml$, $98.48{\pm}69.24mg/L$에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 재원 30일째 비생존군의 입원 당시 측정한 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치는 각각 $3.36{\pm}8.74ng/ml$, $15.42{\pm}20.57ng/dl$, $131.28{\pm}71.23mg/L$로 생존군의 $0.99{\pm}2.66ng/ml$, $8.02{\pm}9.54ng/dl$, $96.87{\pm}68.83mg/L$에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 입원 당시 측정한 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치가 비정상인 군의 재원 10일 사망률은 각각 28.1%, 31.6%, 18.9%로 정상군의 사망률 11.0%, 15.8 %, 0%에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 입원 당시 측정한 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치가 비정상인 군의 재원 30일 사망률은 각각 38.6%, 47.4%, 25.8%로 정상군의 사망률 15.9%, 21.7%, 14.3%에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 입원 당시 측정한 troponin-I와 lactate는 SAPS II 점수와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다($r^2=0.254$, $r^2=0.365$, (p<0.05). 결 론 : 입원 당시에 측정한 troponin-I, lactate, CRP 수치는 비 순환기계 중환자의 예후를 예측하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Anthony S, Stephen F, Hauser L. Harrison's principle of internal medicine. 16th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 1581-2
  2. Kim MO, Jun SM, Park EJ, Sohn JW, Yang SC, Yoon HJ, et al. Prognostic value of the seventh day APACHE III score in medical intensive care unit. Tuberc Respir Dis 2001;50:236-44 https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2001.50.2.236
  3. Lim CH, Lee JK, Lee SS, Koh YS, Kim WS, Kim DS, et al. The prognostic value of the first day and daily updated scores of the APACHE III system in sepsis. Tuberc Respir Dis 1995;42:871-7 https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.1995.42.6.871
  4. Fernandez CJ Jr, Akamine N, Knobel E. Cardiac troponin: a new serum marker of myocardial injury in sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1999;25:1165-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340051030
  5. Gunnewiek JM, van der Hoeven JG. Cardiac troponin elevation among critically ill patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 2004;10:342-6 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccx.0000135514.20538.44
  6. Antman EM, Tansaijevic MJ, Thompson B, Schactman M, Maccabe CH, Cannon CP, et al. Cardiac-specific troponin-I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1342-9 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199610313351802
  7. Spies C, Haude V, Fitzer R, Schroder K, Overbeck M, Runkel N, et al. Serum cardiac troponin T as a prognostic marker in early sepsis. Chest 1998;113:1055-63 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.113.4.1055
  8. Douzinas EE, Tsidemiadou PD, Pitaridis MT, Andrianakis I, Bobota-Chiloraki A, Katsouyanni K, et al. The regional production of cytokines and lactate in sepsis-related multi organ failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:53-9 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001289
  9. Kobayashi S, Gando S, Morimoto Y, Nanzaki S, Kemmotsu O. Serial measurement of arterial lactate concentration as a prognostic indicator in relation to the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Surg Today 2001;31:853-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s005950170022
  10. Bakker J, Gris P, Coffemils M, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. Am J Surg 1996;171:221-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(97)89552-9
  11. Lobo SM, Lobo FR, Bota DP, Lopes-Ferreira F, Soliman HM, Melot C, et al. C-reactive protein levels correlate with mortality and organ failure in critically ill patients. Chest 2003;123:2043-9 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.123.6.2043
  12. Ammann P, Maggiorini M, Bertel O, Haenseler E, Joller-Jemelka HI, Oscheslin E, et al. Troponin as a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients without acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41;2004-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00421-2
  13. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, fein AM, Knaus WA, et al. Definition for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest 1992;101:1644-55 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.101.6.1644
  14. ver Elst KM, Spapen HD, Nguyen DN, Garbar C, Huyghens LP, Gorus FK. Cardiac troponin I and T are biological markers of left ventricular dysfunction in septic shock. Clin Chem 2000;46:650-7
  15. Gore DC, Jahoor F, Hibbert JM, DeMaria EJ. Lactic acidosis during sepsis is related to increased pyruvate production, not deficits in tissue oxygen availability. Ann Surg 1996;224:97-102 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199607000-00015
  16. de Backer D, Creteur J, Zhang H, Norrengerg M, Vincent JL. Lactate production by the lungs in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:1099-104 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.9701048
  17. Brown SD, Clark C, Gutierrez G. Pulmonary lactate release in patients with sepsis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Crit Care 1996;11:2-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9441(96)90014-3
  18. Kelllum IA, Kramer DJ, Lee K, Mankad S, Bellomo R, Pinsky MR. Release of lactate by the lung in acute lung injury. Chest 1997;111:1301-5 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.111.5.1301
  19. Levraut J, Ciebiera JP, Chave S, Rabary O, Jambou P, Carles M, et al. Mild hyperlactatemia in stable septic patients is due to impaired lactate clearance rather than overproduction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1021-6 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.9705037
  20. DidwaniaA, Miller J, Kassel D, JacksonEVJr, Chernow B. Effect of intravenous lactate Ringer's solution infusion on the circulating lactate concentration: part 3. results of prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 1997;25:1851-4 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199711000-00024
  21. Kumar A, Thota V, Dee L, Olson J, Uretz E, Parrillo JE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta are responsible for in vitro myocardial cell depression induced by human septic shock serum. J Exp Med 1996;183:949-58 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.3.949