Nutrient Load Balance in Large-Scale Paddy Fields during Rice Cultivation

경지 정리된 광역 논에서 영양물질 수지와 배출 특성

  • Kim, Min-Kyeong (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Roh, Kee-An (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Nam-Jong (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Chul (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Koh, Mun-Hwan (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
  • 김민경 (농업과학기술원 농업환경부) ;
  • 노기안 (농업과학기술원 농업환경부) ;
  • 이남종 (농업과학기술원 농업환경부) ;
  • 서명철 (농업과학기술원 농업환경부) ;
  • 고문환 (농업과학기술원 농업환경부)
  • Received : 2005.04.26
  • Accepted : 2005.05.30
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the load of nutrient from paddy fields. Water management practices that can reduce eutrophication and meet water quality requirements will also be addressed. Continuous monitoring from May to September in 2002 and 2003 was conducted for water quantification and qualification at the intensive paddy fields in Icheon, Gyunggi province of Korea. Water balance and concentration variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water were independently compared for water quality assessment at each rice cultivation period. Rice land preparation and transplanting periods usually marked the highest water demand when compared to other periods of cultivation. Overall, a greater net irrigation ratio was observed during the transplanting period in 2002 (92.3%) and 2003 (87.2%). The measured total N loads of precipitation, irrigation, drainage, and percolation during the rice cultivation period were 9.9, 41.6, 22.1, and $5.5kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2002 and 15.8, 55.4, 17.3, and $7.5kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2003, respectively. The measured total P loads of precipitation, irrigation, drainage, and percolation during the rice cultivation period were 2.1, 13.0, 3.6, and $1.8kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2002 and 1.6, 15.0, 5.0, and $1.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2003, respectively. Daily nutrient load followed the pattern of surface drainage water, but this pattern was changed by rainfall events. The nutrient load in drainage water depends on rainfall and surface drainage water amount from the paddy fields. Interestingly, the load of total N and total P output was smaller than the input load due to the natural infiltration that Occurred during the rice cultivation period. It is concluded that the paddy fields have a beneficial effect on the ecosystem and can reduce eutrophication in the water.

벼농사가 주변 수계의 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 경기도 이천시 부발읍의 광역 논을 대상으로 2002년 5월부터 2003년까지 9월까지 벼 재배기간 동안 논에서 양분물질인 질소와 인의 유입 및 유출부하량을 조사하였다. 재배기간 동안 평균 시비량은 질소가 2002년에 $129.0kg\;ha^{-1}$ 그리고 2003년에 $145.1kg\;ha^{-1}$이었으며, 인은 각각 $56.5kg\;ha^{-1}$$55.1kg\;ha^{-1}$로서, 질소 시비량은 2003년에 약간 많았으나 인 시비량은 비슷하였다. 조사기간 동안 물 수지는 2002년에 강우량 888 mm, 관개수량 1,321 mm, 침투수량 1,028 mm, 지표유출량 677 mm, 증발산량은 342 mm이었고, 2003년에 강우량 1,115 mm, 관개수량 1,493 mm, 침투수량 1,147 mm, 지표유출량 865 mm, 증발산량은 276 mm 이었다. 강우량과 지표배출수량은 2002년과 2003년 모두 결정계수($r^2$)가 각각 0.92와 0.81로 선형적인 양의상관으로 나타나 재배기간 중 논에서의 배출수량은 강우량이 증가할수록 선형적으로 증가하였다. 강우, 관개수, 지표 배출수, 침투수 및 작물흡수량의 질소 부하량은 2002년에 각각 9.9, 41.6, 22.1, 5.5, $123.6kg\;ha^{-1}$이었으며, 2003년에는 각각 15.8, 55.4, 17.3, 7.5, $119.1kg\;ha^{-1}$이었다. 강우, 관개수, 지표 배출수, 침투수 및 작물흡수량의 인 부하량은 2002년에 각각 2.1, 13.0, 3.6, 1.8, $64.0kg\;ha^{-1}$이었으며, 2003년에는 각각 1.6, 15.0, 5.0, 1.2, $61.4kg\;ha^{-1}$이었다. 강우량 및 배출수량과 양분물질 배출 부하량과의 관계는 강우량 및 배출수량이 증가할수록 논에서의 양분물질 배출 부하량은 선형적으로 증가하였다. 또한, 재배시기별 질소와 인의 유입 부하량과 유출 부하량 차이는 전 생육기간동안 유입 부하량이 유출 부하량보다 많아 논은 양분물질을 흡수하는 기능을 가지고 있었다.

Keywords

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