Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
권호 표지

Characterization of a Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Ripening-associated Membrane Protein (TRAMP) Gene Expression and Flavour Volatile Changes in TRAMP Transgenic Plants

  • Kim Seog-Hyung (Brassica Genomics, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology) ;
  • Ji Hee-Chung (Dept. of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lim Ki-Byung (Brassica Genomics, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology)
  • Published : 2005.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The tomato ripening associated membrane protein (TRAMP) (Fray et al., 1994) is a member of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, defined as channels facilitating the passage of water and small solutes through membranes. During normal fruit ripening the TRAMP mRNA levels were increased whereas the expression levels of TRAMP in low ethylene ACO1-sense suppressed lines, Nr and rin fruits, were lower than at the breaker stage of wild type fruit. TRAMP mRNA is inhibited by $LaCl_3$, which is an inhibitor of $Ca^{2+}$-stimulated responses, treatment but drought condition did not affect TRAMP expression. The levels of TRAMP mRNA transcripts were substantially higher in the dark treated seedlings and fruits. These suggest that TRAMP function as a water channel may be doubted because of several reasons; no water content was changed during ripening in wild type, antisense and overexpression lines, TRAMP expression under light condition was lower than dark condition and TRAMP expression was not changed in drought condition. Co-suppression plant, 3588 was one of sense suppression lines, which contain CaMV 35S promoter and sense pNY507 cDNA, produced small antisense RNA, approximately 21-25 nucleotides in length, mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Therefore, TRAMP expression was inhibited by small antisense and multiple copies might induce gene silencing without any production of double strand RNA. Total seven selected volatile productions, isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexanal, hexenal methylbutanal, hexenol, and methylbutanol, were highly reduced in sense line whereas total volatile production was increased in TRAMP antisense line. These results suggested TRAMP might change volatile related compounds.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams P (1986) Mineral nutrition. In: Atherton JG, Rudich J (eds) The Tomato Crop. Chapman and Hall Ltd., pp 281-334
  2. Alpuche-Solis AG (1999) Analysis of transgenic tomato plants with ACC oxidase suppressed by sense constructs. PhD thesis
  3. Andersson SA, Holman RT, Lundgren L, Stenhagen G (1980) Capillary gas chromatography of leaf volatiles. J Agric Food Chem 28: 985 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60231a018
  4. Apelbaum A, Yang SF (1981) Biosynthesis of stress ethylene induced by water deficit. Plant Physiol 68: 594-596 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.68.3.594
  5. Borgnia M, Nielsen S, Engel A, Agre P (1999) Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels. Annu Rev Siochem 68: 425-458 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.425
  6. Soukobza F, Taylor AJ (2002) Effect of postharvest treatment on flavour volatiles of tomatoes. Postharvest Biol Technol 25: 321-331 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00037-6
  7. Buttery RG, Ling LC (1993) Volatile components of tomato fruit and plant parts. In: Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants, Symposium series 525, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp 23-34
  8. Buttery RG, Ling LC, Light OM (1987) Tomato leaf volatile aroma components. J Agric Food Chem 35: 1039-1042 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00078a043
  9. Chen G (1997) Molecular analysis of the pNY507 and ETR14 ripening-related mRNAs in transgenic tomatoes. PhD. Thesis
  10. Chen G, Wilson ID, Kim SH, Grierson D (2001) Inhibiting expression of a tomato ripening-associated membrane protein increases organic acids and reduces sugar levels of fruit. Planta 212: 799-807 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004250000431
  11. Chen YM, Yu SW (1988) Effects of different types of water stress on ethylene production, contents of ACC, and MACC in wheat plants. Acta Phytophysiol Sin 14: 281-288
  12. Deikman J, Kline R, Fischer RL (1992) Organization of ripening and ethylene regulatory regions in a fruit-specific promoter from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Plant Physiol 100: 2013-2017 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.100.4.2013
  13. Depicker A, Van Montagu M (1997) Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants. Curr Opin Cell Biol 9: 372-382
  14. EI-Beltagy AS, Hall MA (1974) Effect of water stress upon endogenous ethylene levels in Vicia faba. New Phytol 73: 47-60 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1974.tb04605.x
  15. Fray RG, Wallace A, Grierson D, Lycett GW (1994) Nucleotide sequence and expression of a ripening and water stressrelated cDNA from tomato with homology to the MIP class of membrane channel proteins. Plant Mol Biol 24: 539-543 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024122
  16. Gorin MB, Yancey SB, Cline J, Revel J, Horwitz J (1984) The major intrinsic protein (MIP) of the bovine lens fiber membrane: characterization and structure based on cDNA cloning. Cell 39: 49-59 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(84)90190-9
  17. Hamilton AJ, Baulcombe DC (1999) A novel species of small antisense RNA in post-transcriptional gene silencing. Science 286: 950-952 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5441.950
  18. Hamilton AJ, Brown S, Yuanhai H, Ishizuka M, Lowe A, AIpuche-Solis AG, Grierson D (1998) A transgene with repeated DNA causes high frequency, post-transcriptional suppression of ACC-oxidase gene expression in tomato. Plant J 6: 737-746
  19. Han Y, Grierson D (2002) Relationship between small antisense RNAs and aberrant RNAs associated with sense transgene mediated gene silencing in tomato. Plant J 29: 509-519 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01236.x
  20. Heller KB, Lin ECC, Wilson TH (1980) Substrate specificity and transport properties of the glycerol facilitator of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 144: 274-278
  21. Hobson G, Grierson D (1993) Tomato. In: Seymour GB, Taylor JE, Tucker GA (eds) Biochemistry of fruit ripening. Chapman and Hall, Lond, pp 1-5.1
  22. Johansson I, Karlsson M, Shukla VK, Chrispeels MJ, Larsson C, Kjellbom P (1998) Water transport activity of the plasma membrane aquaporin PM28A is regulated by phosphorylation. Plant Cell 10: 451-459 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.10.3.451
  23. Johnson KD, Herman EM, Chrispeels MJ (1989) An abundant highly conserved tonoplast protein in seeds. Plant Physiol 91: 1006-1013 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.91.3.1006
  24. Kim SH, Grierson D (2005) Subcellular localisation and silencing of ripening-associated membrane protein (TRAMP) in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Plant Science In press
  25. Kimmerer TW, Kozlowski TT (1982) Ethylene, ethane, acetaldehyde and ethanol production by plants under stress. Plant Physiol 69: 840-847 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.69.4.840
  26. Kneissl ML, Deikman J (1996) The tomato E8 gene influences ethylene biosynthesis in fruit but not in flowers. Plant Physiol 112: 537-547 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.2.537
  27. Lincoln JE, Cordes S, Read E, Fischer RL (1987) Regulation of gene expression by ethylene during Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) fruit development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2793-2797 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.9.2793
  28. Linforth RST, Taylor AJ (2000) Manual for gas phase APCI software. Samworth flavour laboratory, Division of food sciences, University of Nottingham
  29. Maurel C, Reizer J, Schroeder JI, Chrispeels MJ (1993) The vacuolar membrane protein ${\gamma}$-Tip creates water specific channels in Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 12: 2241-2247
  30. Maurel C (1997) Aquaporins and water permeability of plant membranes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48: 399-430 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.399
  31. Napoli C, Lemieux C, Jorgensen R (1990) Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into petunia results in reversible co-suppression of homologous genes in trans. Plant Cell 2: 279-289 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.2.4.279
  32. Ouyang LJ, Whelan J, Weaver CO, Roberts OM, Day OA. (1991) Protein-phosphorylation stimulates the rate of malate uptake acrose the peribacteroid membrane of soybean nodules. FEBS Lett 293: 188-190 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(91)81183-9
  33. Picton S, Gray J, Barton S, Bakar UA, Lowe A, Grierson, D (1993) cDNA cloning and characterisation of novel ripeningrelated mRNAs with altered Pattern of accumulation in the ripening inhibitor (rin) tomato ripening mutant. Plant Mol Biol 23: 193-207 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00021431
  34. Prasad GV, Coury LA, Finn F, Zeidel ML (1998) Reconstituted aquaporin 1 water channels transport $CO_2$ across membranes. J Biol Chem 273: 33123-33126 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.50.33123
  35. Pridmore RO (1987) New and versatile cloning vectors with kanamycin-resistance marker. Gene 56: 309-312 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(87)90149-1
  36. Smith CJS, Slater A, Grierson D (1986) Rapid appearance of an mRNA correlated with ethylene synthesis encoding a protein of molecular weight 35000. Planta 168: 94-100 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00407014
  37. Smith CJS, Watson CF, Edwards K, Schuch W, Grierson D (1990) Expression of a truncated tomato polygalacturonase gene inhibits expression of the endogenous gene in transgenic plants. Mol Gen Genet 224: 477-481
  38. Stam M, Mol JNM, Kooter JM (1997) The silence of genes in transgenic plants. Ann Bot 79: 3-12 https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0295
  39. Stumpff NJ, Johnson JD (1987) Ethylene production by loblolly pine seedlings associated with water stress. Plant Physiol 69: 167-172 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb01962.x
  40. Swamy-Mruthinti S (2001) Glycation decreases calmodulin binding to lens transmembrane protein, MIP. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1536 : 64-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4439(01)00031-X
  41. Sweet G, Gandor C, Voegele R, Wittenkindt N, Beuerle J, Truniger V, Un ECC, Boos W (1990) Glycerol facilitator of Escherichia Coli: cloning of glpF and indentification of the glpF product. J Bacteriol 172: 424-430 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.1.424-430.1990
  42. Tuschl T, Zamore PO, Lehmann R, Bartel DP, Sharp PA (1999) Targeted mRNA degradation by double-stranded RNA in vitro. Genes Dev 13: 3191-3197 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.13.24.3191
  43. Urbasch I (1981) Antimykotisch wirksame, Fluchtige stoffwechsel produkte aus dem kraut von tamatenpflanzen. Naturwis Senschaften 68: 204 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047204
  44. van den Boogaart T, Lomonossoff GP, Davies JW (1998) Can we explain RNA-mediated virus resistance by homologydependent gene silencing? Mol Plant-Microbe Interac 11: 717-723 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.7.717
  45. Yang B, Fukuda N, van Hoek AN, Matthay MA, Ma T, Verkman AS (2000). Carbon dioxide permeability of aquaporin-1 measured in erythrocytes and lung of aquaporin-1 null mice and in reconstituted proteoliposomes. J Biol Chem 275: 2686-2692 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.4.2686