Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

The Change of Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function Caused by Antioxidant Material in the Hypercholesterolemic Elderly Women in Korea

고콜레스테롤혈증 여자 노인에서 항산화 물질 복용에 따른 혈중 지질 농도와 면역능의 변화

  • 김화영 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미현 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2005.01.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to examine the change of lipid metabolism and immune function caused by antioxidant material in hypercholesterolemic elderly women (serum total cholesterol $\geq$200 mg/dI). The subjects were 51 elderly women aged over 60 yrs. They were divided into antioxidant nutrients complex group (n = 25) and spirulina group (n= 26). Antioxidant nutrients complex (1 capsule/day) and spirulina (7.5 mg/day) were used for intervention for 8weeks. All the subjects were fully informed the purpose of study and gave written consents to participate in this study. Dietary intakes, anthropometric indices and blood assessment for lipid, immune function and antioxidant status were measured before and after supplementation. Either antioxidant nutrients complex or spirulina supplementation for 8weeks resulted in improved antioxidant status evidence by increased TAS (total antioxidant status) and decreased TB-ARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) . This intervention led to decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, oxLDL, apolipoprotein B, IL-6 and IL-6 production by peripheral blood lymphocyte. In conclusion, the lipid profiles, immune function and antioxidant capacity were improved after either antioxidant nutrient complex or spirulina supplementation for hypercholesterolemic women. Therefore, improving antioxidant status using supplemen-tation could provide means of controlling cardiovascular disease in Korean elderly people.

Keywords

References

  1. Osiecki H. The role of chronic inflammation in cardiovascular disease and its regulation by nutrients. Altern Med Rev 9 (1) : 32-53, 2004
  2. Herder R, Demming AB. The power of a balanced diet and lifestyle in preventing cardiovascular disease. Nutr Clin Care 7 (2) : 46-55, 2004
  3. Lee HS, Nam JH, Kim MH, Cho MS, Kim WY. Immune and nutrition status in elderly Koreans with hyperLDL-eholesterolemia. Nutr Res 2004 (forthcoming)
  4. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Labree L, Cashin HL, Sevanian A, Johnson R, Azen SP. Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake reduces progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. J Am Med Assoc 273: 1849-1854, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.273.23.1849
  5. Carpenter KL, Kirkpatrick PJ, Weissberg PL, Challis JR, Dennis IF, Freeman MA, Mitchinson MJ. Oral alpha-tocopherol supplementation inhibits lipid oxidation in established human atherosclerosis lesions. Free Radic Res 37 (11): 1235-1244, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760310001604143
  6. Machlin LJ. Critical assessment of the epidemiological data concerning the impact of antioxidant nutrients on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 35 (1-2): 41-50, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399509527684
  7. Spirichev VB. Antioxidant vitamins in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Vopr Pitan 72 (6) : 45-51, 2003
  8. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, Bosch J, Sleight P. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Eng J Med 345: 154-160, 2000
  9. Kromhout D, Hertog ML, Hollman MH, Hertog ML, Katan MB. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen elderly study. Lancet 342: 1007-1011, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-U
  10. Kim WY, Park JY. The effect of spirulina on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and immune function in korean elderlies. Korean J Nutrition 36 (3) : 287-297, 2003
  11. Nakaya N, Homma Y, Goto Y. Cholesterol lowering effect of spirulina. Nutr Rep Int 37: 1329-1337, 1988
  12. Korean guidelines of hyperlipidemia treatment for prevention of atheroscler osis. Korean society of lipidology and atherosclerosis, 2002
  13. Kay RA. Microalgae as food and supplement. Critical Review in Food and Nutrition 30(6): 555-573, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399109527556
  14. The Korean Nutrition Society. Nutrition information center. Nutritional assessment program, 'CAN pro 2.0', 2002
  15. Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans, 7th revision, The Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul, 2000
  16. Friedwald WT, Levy RI, Fredireck DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502, 1972
  17. Lauer RM, Clarke WP, Lee J. Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels. The Muscatine study. Pediatrics 82(3): 309-318, 1988
  18. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65: 55-63, 1983 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  19. Kang MH, Genser D, Elmadfa I. Increased sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with Crohn's disease. Mutation Res 381: 141-148, 1997
  20. Sim JE. Assessment of vitamin C nutritional status and analysis of factors related to serum ascorbic acid levels in diabetes mellitus case and control groups. Seoul National Univ. Graduate Sch. Masters's thesis, 1996
  21. Yagi K. Assay for Blood Plasma or Serum: in Methods in enzymology Academic Press Inc. NY 105: 328-331, 1984
  22. McCusker CA, Fitzgerald SP. Measurement of total antioxidant status in beverages using a rapid Automated method. Randox Laboratory Ltd., 1996
  23. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47 (3) : 469-474, 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
  24. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1202, 1958 https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  25. Bondet V, Brand W, Berset C. Kinetics and mechanisms of antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical method. Lebensm Wiss U Technol 30: 609-615, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1997.0240
  26. Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, Roussel AM, Arnaud J, Richard MJ, Malvy D, Paul DA, Briancon S, Favier A. Background and rationale behind the SUVIMAS study, a prevention trial using nutritional doses of a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals to reduce cardiovascular disease and cancers. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 68 (1) : 3-20, 1998
  27. Abby M, Nestel P, Baghurst PA. Antioxidant vitamins and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 58: 525-532, 1993
  28. Kim WK. Effects of vitamin E supplementation on immune response and antioxidant defense parameters in healthy korean elderly women. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28 (4): 924-933, 1999
  29. Miranda MS, Cintra R, Barros SM, Mancini FJ. Antioxidant activity of the microalga spirulina maxima. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 31: 1075-1079, 1998
  30. Kang NE, Kim WK. Effects of antioxidants vitamins supplementation on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profiles in korean NIDDM patients. Korean J Nutrition 32(7): 775-780, 1999
  31. Reaven PO, Khouw A, Beltz WF, Parthasarathy S, Witztum JL. Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in human. Protection of LDL by vitamin E but not by beta carotene. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 13: 590-600, 1993
  32. Gonzalez RC, Miranda R, Diaz JC, Juarez MA. Preventive effect of spirulina maxima on the fatty liver induced by a fructoserich diet in the rat, a preliminary report. Life Sci 53 (1): 57-61, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(93)90611-6
  33. Cases J, Puig M, Caporiccio B, Baroux B, Baccou JC, Besancon P, Rouantet JM. Glutathione-related enzymic activities in rats receiving high cholesterol or standard diets supplemented with two forms of selenium. Food Chemistry 65; 207-211, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00204-0
  34. Huang JM, Bai SM, Hu XZ, Yang CL, Zhu DB, Shi JP. Effects of spirulina on serum lipids, erythrocyte membrane fluidity and vascular endothelian cells in tail-suspended rats. Space Med Eng 16(3); 184-186, 2003