Journal of fish pathology (한국어병학회지)

The Korean Society of Fish Pathology (한국어병학회)
권호 표지

Pathological Discussion of Anemia in Fish

어류 빈혈에 관한 병리학적 고찰

  • Huh, Min-Do (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Song, Na-Young (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Mu-Kun (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University)
  • 허민도 (부경대학교 수산생명의학과) ;
  • 송나영 (부경대학교 수산생명의학과) ;
  • 이무근 (부경대학교 수산생명의학과)
  • Published : 20050800
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Anemia in fish can be easily recognized by examining the gill color and physical properties of sampled blood. The number of erythrocytes is generally within 1-3 ${\times}10^6$. Hematocrit (Ht) reportedly ranges 35-45% in many of reports which is nearly the same as that in mammals. Anemia in fish can also be classified as hemorrhagic, hemolytic and hypoplastic ones. Fish are also expected to have similar pathological effects by anemia as in mammals. From the fact that fish can survive under extremely low hematocrit below 10% and antarctic icefish (Chanenocephalus aceratus) has no erythrocytes, different pathological effects were expected. Anemia is considered to have one of the most important health parameters, based on the pathological aspect. Therefore, by reviewing clinical and histopathological findings of most of fish diseases already known and then adding our results of experimental anemia, diseases and factors related to anemia were summarized and the pathological effects was discussed.

어류의 빈혈은 병어 또는 임상적으로 건강한 어류에서 확인되는 증상으로 심하면 아가미가 창백해 보이거나 채혈 혈액의 물성으로 인지될 수 있다. 어류의 적혈구 수는 일반적으로 1-3${\times}10^6$개이며, 헤마토크리트 (Ht)는 35-45%로 포유류와 유사범위로 보고되는 경우가 많으나 아직 그 정상치에 대하여 체계적으로 제대로 정리된 자료가 없다. 어류에서도 출혈성, 용혈성, 재생불량성 빈혈로 나누고 있다. 포유류와 유사한 병리학적 영향이 예상되지만, 어류의 경우 10% 이하의 극단적으로 낮은 Ht에서도 생존이 가능하며, antarctic icefish (Chanenocephalus aceratus)에서는 적혈구가 없이 생존하고 있다는 점 등으로부터, 포유류와 다른 병리학적 영향이 예상되나 그 정보가 매우 부족하다. 양식현장에서 어류 질병에 따른 경제적 피해가 해마다 증가하고 있는 시점에서, 빈혈 소견은 어체의 건강평가에 중요한 파라메타의 하나로 볼 수 있는 병리학적 측면을 가지고 있다. 따라서 저자는 지금까지 알려진 각종 어류 질병에 대하여 기술된 임상병리 및 병리조직학 변화 내용을 검토함으로써, 어류에서의 빈혈 관련 질병을 정리하고, 저자 등의 예비적 실험 결과와 함께, 그 병리학적 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aster, J. C: Red blood cell and bleeding disorder. In Robbins and Cot ran pathologic basis of disease, pp 619-660, 7th ed., Kumar, V, Abbas, A. K. and Fausto, N., Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2005
  2. Berg, T. and Steen, J. B.: The gills of two species of haemoglobin-free fishes compared to those of other teleosts-with a not on severe anaemia in an eel. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 18: 517-522,1966 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(66)90236-2
  3. Chinabut, S., Limsuwan, C. and Kitsawat, P.: Histology of the walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, International Developmental Research Center (IDRC), Canada, 1991
  4. Cotran, R. S., Kumar, V. and Collins, T.: Pathologic basis of disease, 6th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 1999
  5. Ferguson, H. W.: Systemic Pathology of Fish, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA, 1989
  6. Guyton, A. C.: Textbook of medical physiology, 7th ed., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1986
  7. Hunt and King: Veterinary Pathology, Jones, 6th ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 1997
  8. Jung, S. H., Sim, D. S., Park, M. S., Jo, Q. T. and Kim, Y: Effects of formalin on haematological and blood chemistry in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aqua. Research, 34: 1269-1275, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00936.x
  9. Kawatsu, H.: Haemorrhagic anemia of rainbow trout induced by repeated bleedings. Studies on the anemia of fish- II. Bull. Freshwat. Fish Res. Lab., 18: 61-66,1968
  10. Kawatsu, H.: Hemolytic anemia of common carp induced by injections of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Studies on the anemia of fish-IV. Bull. Freshwat. Fish Res. Lab., 21: 139-149,1971
  11. Kikuchi, K.: Use of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in diets of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 179:3-11,1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00147-7
  12. Lee, J. Y: Clinical pathology on experimental hemorrhagic anemia of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Thesis of Master Degree, Department of Fish Pathology, Pukyong National University, 2004
  13. Noga, E. J.: Fish disease. 2nd ed., Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA, 2000
  14. Plumb, J. A., Horowitz, S. A. and Rogers, W. A.: Feed-related anemia in cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 51: 175-179,1986 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90307-8
  15. Roberts, R. J.: Fish pathology, 3rd ed,. W B Saunders, London, UK, 2001
  16. Smith, C. E., McLain, L. R. and Zaugg, W. S.: Phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in chinook salmon. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 20: 73-81,1971 https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(71)90090-1
  17. Song, N. Y.: Pathological study on experimental anemia and recovery in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Thesis of Master Degree, Department of Fish Pathology, Pukyong National University, 2005
  18. Thomas and Woo: Anorexia in rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), infected with Cryptobia salmositica (Sarco-mastigophora: kinetoplastida): its onset and contribution to the immunodepression. J. Fish Dis., 15:443-447,1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb01245.x
  19. Vorger, P. and Ristori, M. T: Effects of experimental anemia on the ATP content and the oxygen affinity of the blood in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 82: 221-224,1985 https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)90730-3
  20. Woo, P. T. K.: Fish diseases and disorders(Vol. I, II and III), CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1995