Molecules and Cells

Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology (한국분자세포생물학회)
권호 표지

Polymorphism and Expression of Isoflavone Synthase Genes from Soybean Cultivars

  • Kim, Hyo-Kyoung (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Jang, Yun-Hee (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Baek, Il-Sun (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Hwan (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Park, Min Joo (Dong-A Pharm. Co., Ltd. Research Laboratory) ;
  • Chung, Young-Soo (Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University) ;
  • Chung, Jong-Il (Agricultural College, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Kook (School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
  • Received : 2004.08.25
  • Accepted : 2004.10.22
  • Published : 2005.02.28
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Isoflavones are synthesized by isoflavone synthases via the phenylpropanoid pathway in legumes. We have cloned two isoflavone synthase genes, IFS1 and IFS2, from a total of 18 soybean cultivars. The amino acid residues of the proteins that differed between cultivars were dispersed over the entire coding region. However, amino acid sequence variation did not occur in conserved domains such as the ERR triad region, except that one conserved amino acid was changed in the IFS2 protein of the GS12 cultivar ($R_{374}G$) and the IFS1 proteins of the 99M06 and Soja99s65 cultivars ($A_{109}T$, $F_{105}I$). In three cultivars (99M06, 99M116, and Simheukpi), most of amino acid changes were such that the difference between the amino acid sequences of IFS1 and IFS2 was reduced. The expression profiles of three enzymes that convert naringenin to the isoflavone, genistein, chalcone isomerase (CHI), isoflavone synthase (IFS) and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) were examined. In general, IFS mRNA was more abundant in etiolated seedlings than mature plants whereas the levels of CHI and F3H mRNAs were similar in the two stages. During seed development, IFS was expressed a little later than CHI and F3H but expression of these three genes was barely detectable, if at all, during later seed hardening. In addition, we found that the levels of CHI, F3H, and IFS mRNAs were under circadian control. We also showed that IFS was induced by wounding and by application of methyl jasmonate to etiolated soybean seedlings.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, Korea University

References

  1. Akashi, T., Aoki, T., and Ayabe, S. (1999) Cloning and functional expression of a cytochrome P450 cDNA encoding 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase involved in biosynthesis of the isoflavonoid skeleton in licorice. Plant Physiol. 121, 821–À828 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.121.3.821
  2. Creelman, R. A., Tierney, M. L., and Mullet, J. E. (1992) Jasmonic acid/methyl jasmonate accumulate in wounded soybean hypocotyls and modulate wound gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4938-4941
  3. Davis, S. R., Dalais, F. S., Simpson, E. R., and Murkies, A. L. (1999) Phytoestrogens in health and disease. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 54, 445-450
  4. Dhaubhadel, S., McGarvey, B. D., Williams, R., and Gijzen, M. (2003) Isoflavoid biosynthesis and accumulation in developing soybean seeds. Plant Mol. Biol. 53, 733-743 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PLAN.0000023666.30358.ae
  5. Dixon, R. A. and Ferreira, D. (2002) Genistein. Phytochemistry 60, 205-211 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00116-4
  6. Dixon, R. A. and Paiva, N. L. (1995) Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7, 1085-1097 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1085
  7. Graham, T. L. (1991) Flavonoid and isoflavonoid distribution in developing soybean seedling tissues and in seed and root exudates. Plant Physiol. 95, 594-603 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.95.2.594
  8. Hakoyama, T., Yokoyama, T., Kouchi, H., Tsuchiya, K., Kaku, H., et al. (2002) Transcriptional response of soybean suspension-cultured cells induced by nod factors obtained from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110. Plant Cell Physiol. 43, 1314-1322 https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcf160
  9. Harmer, S. L., Hogenesch, J. B., Straume, M., Chang, H. S., Han, B., et al. (2000) Orchestrated transcription of key pathway in Arabidopsis by the circadian clock. Science 290, 2110-2113 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5499.2110
  10. Jung, W., Yu, O., Lau, S. M., O'eefe, D. P., Odell, J., et al. (2000) Identification and expression of isoflavone synthase, the key enzyme for biosynthesis of isoflavones in legumes. Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 208-212 https://doi.org/10.1038/72671
  11. Katagiri, Y., Hashidoko, Y., Ibrahim, R. K., and Tahara, S. (2001) Activation of isoflavone biosynthesis in excised cotyledons of Lupinus seedlings by jasmonoids and excess light. Z Naturforsch. 56, 1038-1046
  12. Kim, B. G., Kim, S. Y., Song, H. S., Lee, C., Hur, H. G., et al. (2003) Cloning and expression of the isoflavone synthase gene from trifolium partense. Mol. Cells 15, 301-306
  13. Lee, S. J., Ahn, J. K., Kim, S. H., Kim, J. T., Han, S. J., et al. (2003) Variation in isoflavone of soybean cultivars with location and storage duration. J. Agric. Food Chem. 21, 3382-3389
  14. Liu, C. J., Blount, J. W., Steele, C. L., and Dixon, R. A. (2002) Bottlenecks for metabolic engineering of isoflavone glycoconjugates in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14578-14583
  15. Messinna, M. J. (1999) Legumes and soybeans: overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 439S-450S
  16. Pueppke, J. L. (1996) The genetics and biochemical basis for nodulation of legumes by rhizobia. Crit. Rev. Biotech. 16, 1-51 https://doi.org/10.3109/07388559609146599
  17. Rivera-Vargas, L. I., Cshmitthenner, A. F., and Graham, T. L. (1993) Soybean flavonoid effects on and metabolism by Phytophthora sojae. Phytochemistry 32, 851-857 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85219-H
  18. Sawada, Y., Kinoshita, K., Akashi, T., Aoki, T., and Ayabe, S. I. (2002) Key amino acid residues required for aryl migration catalysed by the cytochrome P450 2-hydroxyisoflavamone synthase. Plant J. 31, 555-564 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01378.x
  19. Shin, B. S., Lee, J.-H., Lee, J.-H., Jeong, H.-J., Yun, C.-H., et al. (2004) Circadian regulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) CONSTANS-like gene transcripts. Mol. Cells 17, 10-16
  20. Steele, C. L., Gijzen, M., Qutob, D., and Dixon, R. A. (1999) Molecular characterization of the enzyme catalyzing the aryl migration reaction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 367, 146-150 https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1999.1238
  21. Van Rhijn, R. and Vanderleyden, J. (1995) The Rhizobiumplant symbiosis. Microbiol. Rev. 59, 124-142
  22. Yu, O., Jung, W., Shi, J., Croes, R. A., Fader, G. M., et al. (2000) Production of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein in nonlegume dicot and monocot tissues. Plant Physiol. 124, 781-794 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.124.2.781
  23. Yu, O., Shi, J., Hession, A. O., Maxwell, C. A., McGonigle, B., et al. (2003) Metabolic engineering to increase isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean seed. Phytochemistry 63, 753-763 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00345-5