참고문헌
- Blake, W. L. and M. D. Stern. 1988. Influence of protein source on amino acid profile or effluent flowing fro continuous culture of ruminal contents. J. Anim. Sci. 66:2284.
- Broderick, G. A., R. J. Wallace and N. McKain. 1988. Comparison of estimates of ruminal protein degradation by in vitro and in situ methods. J. Anim. Sci. 66:1739-1745.
- Chanjula, P., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn and P. Rowlinson. 2004. Effect of synchronizing starch sources and protein (NPN) in the rumen on feed intake, rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient utilization and performance of lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(10):1400-1410.
- Chen, G., C. J. Sniffen and J. B. Russell. 1987. Concentration and estimated flow of peptides from the rumen of dairy cattle: effect of protein quantity, protein solubility and feeding frequency. J. Dairy Sci. 70:983-992.
- Church, D. C. 1988. Protein metabolism of ruminant animals. In the ruminant animal. Digestive physiology and nutrition. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey.
- Crooker, B. A., C. J. Sniffen, W. H. Hoover and L. L. Johnson. 1978. Solvents for soluble nitrogen measurements in feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 61:437-447.
- Cozzi, G. and C. E. Polan. 1994. Corn gluten meal or dried brewers grains as partial replacement for soybean meal in the diet of Holstein cow. J. Dairy Sci. 77:825-834.
- Erwin, W. S., J. Marco and E. M. Emery. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluids by gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. 44:1786-1771.
- Griswold, K. E., W. H. Hoover, T. K. Miller and W. V. Thayne. 1996. Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:483-491.
- Koeln, L. L. and J. A. Paterson. 1986. Nitrogen balance and amino acid disappearance from the small intestine in calves fed soybean meal, toasted soybean meal or corn gluten meal supplemented diets. J. Anim. Sci. 63:1258-1266.
- Ha, J. K., J. J. Kennelly and S. C. Lee. 1991. Some factors influencing tri-alanine disappearance and rumen bacterial growth yield in vitro. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 4:367-375
- Hazlewood, G. P., G. A. Jones and J. L. Mangan. 1981. Hydrolysis of leaf Fraction 1 protein by the proteolytic rumen bacterium Bacterioides ruminicola R 8/4 J. Gen. Leng Microbiol. 123:223-232
- Jouany, P. J. and K. Ushida. 1999. The role of protozoa in feed digestion. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12(1):113-128.
- McAllan, A. B., J. D. Sutton, D. E. Beever and D. J. Napper. 1994. Rumen fermentation characteristics and duodenal nutrient flow in lactating cows receiving two types of grass silage with two levels of concentrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 46:277-291.
- McDougall, E. I. 1948. Studies on ruminant saliva. The composition and output of saliva. Biochem. J. 43:99-109.
- Merry, R. J. and A. B. McAllan. 1987. Studies of rumen function in an in vitro continuous studies in the effect of nitrogen source on rumen microbial growth and fibre digestion. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 31:55-64.
- Mould, R. L., E. R. Orskov and S. O. Mann. 1983. Associative effects of mixed feeds. 1. Effects of type and level of supplementation and the influence of the rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:15-30.
- National Research Council (NRC). 1994. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised edition. Washington:National Academy of Science.
- Ogimoto, K. and I. Soichi. 1981. Atlas of rumen microbiology. Japan Sci. Societies Press. Tokyo. p. 161.
- Orias, F., C. G. Aldrich, J. C. Elizalde, L. L. Bauer and N. R. Merchen. 2002. The effects of dry extrusion temperature of whole soybeans on digestion of protein and amino acids by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2493-2501.
- Russell, J. B. and R. B. Hespell. 1981. Microbial rumen fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 64:1153-1169.
- Russell, J. B., O'Connor, J. D., Fox, D. G., Van Soest and C. J. Sniffen. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets 1. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3551-3561.
- Roffler, R. E. and L. D. Satter. 1975. Relationship between ruminal ammonia and nonprotein nitrogen utilization by ruminants. II. Application of published evidence to the development of theoretical model for predicting nonprotein nitrogen utilization, J. Dairy Sci. 58:1889-1898.
- Shabi, Z., H. Tagari, M. R. Murphy, I. Bruckental, S. J. Mabjeesh, S. Zamwel, K. Celik and A. Arieli. 2000. Partitioning of amino acids flowing to the abomasum into feed, bacterial, protozoal, and endogenous fractions. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2326-2334.
- Siddon, R. C. and J. Paradine. 1981. Effect of diet on protein degrading activity in the sheep rumen. J. Sci. Food Agric. 32:973-981.
- SAS User’s Guide:Statistics, release. 8.1 version Edition, 2000. SAS Inst. Cary, NC.
- Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1981. Principles and procedures of statistics, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Stern, M. D., G. A. Varga, J. H. Clark, J. L. Firkins, J. T. Huber and D. L. Palmquist. 1994. Evaluation of chemical and physical properties of feeds that affect protein metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2762-2786 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77219-2
- Tomas, P. C. 1985. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. 223.
피인용 문헌
- vol.14, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.3366
- Utilization of Steam-treated Oil Palm Fronds in Growing Goats: 1. Supplementation with Dietary Urea vol.19, pp.9, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1305
- Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Dry Matter Intake, and Production and Chemical Composition of Velvet Antler in Spotted Deer Fed Forest By-product Silage vol.19, pp.12, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1737
- Effects of Synchronizing the Rate of Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Release on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Blood Urea Nitrogen and Nutrient Digestibility in Beef Cattle vol.19, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.181
- Comparison of In vitro Gas Production, Metabolizable Energy, Organic Matter Digestibility and Microbial Protein Production of Some Legume Hays vol.20, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.517
- Effects of Synchronization of Carbohydrate and Protein Supply on Ruminal Fermentation, Nitrogen Metabolism and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Holstein Steers vol.23, pp.11, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10247