Hepatitis Complicated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children

소아의 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴에 합병된 간염

  • Lee, Seung Min (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Lee, Sung Moon (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Tchah, Hann (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Jeon, In Sang (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Ryoo, Eell (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Cho, Kang Ho (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Seon, Yong Han (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Son, Dong Woo (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Hong, Hee Joo (Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical School)
  • 이승민 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 이성문 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 차한 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 전인상 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 류일 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 조강호 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 선용한 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 손동우 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과) ;
  • 홍희주 (가천의과대학교 길병원 소아과)
  • Received : 2005.02.16
  • Accepted : 2005.04.22
  • Published : 2005.08.15

Abstract

Purpose : Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is relatively common in childhood. Its extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported so much, but hepatitis associated with it has been reported rarely in Korea. Methods : A clinical study was performed on 556 patients of M. pneumoniae pneumonia diagnosed serologically at Gil hospital from January 2001 to December 2004. We reviewed 65 cases among these patients, who had elevated level of serum AST and ALT greater than 50 IU/L respectively without evidence of hepatitis A, B, C, Cytomegalovirus and Ebstein-Barr virus infections. Results : Hepatitis occurred in 11.7% of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, especially in fall and winter times. Male to female ratio was 1.2 : 1 and the mean age was 4 years and 3 months. Besides hepatitis, cough(95.4%), sputum(52.3%) and dyspnea(12.3%) were common as pulmonary manifestations. And among gastrointestinal manifestations, nausea/vomiting(26.2%) was the most common symptom, followed by poor oral intake(12.3%), diarrhea(12.3%) and abdominal pain(6.2%). In addition to hepatomegaly(4.6%) and splenomegaly(4.6%), coarse breathing sound was the most common physical manifestation, followed by rale(63.1%), pharyngeal injection(26.2%), and rash(10.8%). Anemia was noted in 20.0%, neutrophilia in 10.8%, eosinphilia in 38.5% and thrombocytosis in 6.2%, respectively. Mean level of ESR and CRP was 32.02 mm/hr and 6.69 mg/dL, respectively. Mean level of AST and ALT was 293.80 IU/L and 181.48 IU/L, respectively. Hyperbilirubinemia was noted in 7.7% and hypoalbuminemia was noted in 58.5%. Lobar or lobular pneumonia(78.5%) was the most common finding in chest X-ray and left lower lobe(39.2%) was most commonly affected. Pleural effusion was noted in 26.2%. Mean duration of hospitalization was 9.91 days. Serum AST/ALT level was normalized within 9.94 days and pulmonary consolidation resolved within 14.29 days. Conclusion : The prognosis of M. pneumoniae hepatitis is good. However, liver function should be considerately checked in M. pneumoniae infection because its incidence is not so low.

목 적 : Mycoplasma 폐렴은 소아과 영역에서 비교적 흔한 질환인데 동반되는 다양한 폐외 소견에 대해서는 많은 보고들이 있으나 간염에 대해서는 연구된 바가 적으며 특히 국내에서는 이에 대한 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 따라서 저자들은 M. pneumoniae에 의한 간염의 전반적인 임상적 특성들을 조사하여 보고하고자 한다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월1 일부터 2004년 12월 31일까지 가천의과 대학교 길병원 소아과에 입원한 556명의 Mycoplasma 폐렴 환아들 중 AST와 ALT 수치가 각각 50 IU/L 이상 증가된 환아로서 A형, B형, C형 간염 및 Cytomegalovirus와 Ebstein-Barr virus가 음성인 65명을 대상으로 계절 분포, 연령 및 성별 분포, 주요 임상 증상 및 진찰 소견, 검사 소견, 방사선 소견, 치료 및 경과 등을 조사 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 마이코플라스마 간염은 마이코플라스마 폐렴 중 11.7%에서 발생하였는데 가을과 겨울에 호발하였으며 평균 연령은 $4.11{\pm}3.07$세로 남녀비는 1.2 : 1이었다. 소화기 증상으로는 오심/구토가 26.2%, 식욕부진과 설사가 각각 12.3%, 복통이 6.2%였으며 간장종대와 비장종대는 각각 4.6%에서 관찰되었다. 2) 백혈구 증다증이 41.5%, 호중구 증다증이 29.2%였으며 백혈구가 $5,000/mm^3$ 미만으로 감소된 경우가 10.8%였고 호산구 증다증이 38.5%였다. 또 혈색소가 11.0 g/dL 미만으로 감소된 경우는 20.0%였으며 혈소판이 $450,000/mm^3$ 이상으로 증가된 경우는 18.5%였고 $150,000/mm^3$ 미만으로 감소된 경우는 6.2%였다. 적혈구 침강 속도는 75.4%에서 증가되어 있었으며 C-반응성 단백은 93.8%에서 양성이었고 가장 높은 수치는 38.28 mg/dL이었다. 3) AST의 평균은 $293.80{\pm}1,031.30IU/L$였으며 가장 증가된 경우는 7,740 IU/L였고 ALT의 평균은 $181.48{\pm}513.44IU/L$였으며 가장 증가된 경우는 3,400 IU/L였다. 고빌리루빈혈증을 보인 경우가 7.7%였고 가장 증가된 경우는 3.5 mg/dL이었다. 알부민이 3.5 g/dL 미만으로 감소된 경우는 58.5%였고 가장 낮은 수치는 2.1 g/dL이었다. 4) 흉부 방사선 촬영상 대엽성 또는 소엽성 폐렴이 78.5%로서 가장 많았고 기관지 폐렴이 16.9%, 간질성 폐렴이 4.6%였다. 침윤은 80.4%에서 일측성이었으며 침윤 분포를 보면 좌폐하엽이 39.2%로 가장 많았다. 늑막 삼출은 26.2%에서 관찰되었으며 모두 일측성이었다. 5) 재원 기간은 평균 $9.91{\pm}4.82$일이었고 간기능 회복 시기는 평균 $9.94{\pm}4.38$일이었는데 8-14일 사이에 회복되는 경우가 47.7%로 가장 많았고 25일 걸린 1례(1.5%)만 제외하고 모두 21일 이내에 간기능이 완전히 정상으로 회복되었다. 흉부 방사선 소견상 폐침윤이 소실될 때까지의 기간은 평균 $14.29{\pm}13.48$일이었으며 87.7%에서 21일 이내에 소실이 되었다. 결 론 : Mycoplasma pneumoniae 간염은 대부분 3주 이내에 회복되는 양성 경과를 취하나 그 빈도가 낮지 않으므로 마이코플라스마 폐렴시 간기능 검사에 주의를 기울여야 한다.

Keywords

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