참고문헌
- Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, Levine BE. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet 1967;2:319-23
- Benard GR, Luce JM, Sprung CL, Rinaldo JE, Tate RM, Sibbald WJ, et al. High dose corticosteroids in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1565-70 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198712173172504
-
Bone RC, Maunder R, Slotman G, Silverman H, Hyers TM, Kerstein MD, et al. An early test of survival in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome : the
$PaO_2/FiO_2$ ratio and its response to conventional therapy. Chest 1989;96:849-51 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.96.4.849 - Headley AS, Tolley E, Meduri GU. Infections and the inflammatory response in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest 1997;111:1306-21 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.111.5.1306
- Meduri GU, Headley AS, Golden E, Carson SJ, Umberger RA, Kelso T, et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA 1998;280:159-68 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.2.159
- The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1301-08 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200005043421801
- Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS : definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:818-24 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.7509706
- Pollack MM, Ruttimann UE, Getson PR. Pediatric risk of mortality score. Crit Care Med 1988;16:1110-16 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198811000-00006
- Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonca A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA(Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:707-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01709751
- Lyrene RK, Troug WE. Adult respiratory distress syndrome in a pediatric intensive care unit. Predisposing conditions, clinical course, and outcome. Pediatrics 1981;67:790-5
- Davis SL, Furman DP, Costarino AT Jr. Adult respiratory distress syndrome in children : associated disease, clinical course, and predictors of death. J Pediatr 1993;123:35-45 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81534-3
- Sarnaik AP, Meert KL, Pappas MD, Simpson MW, Heidemann SM. Predicting outcome in children with severe acute respiratory failure treated with high-frequency ventilation. Crit Care Med 1996;24:1396-402 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199608000-00020
- Paret G, Ziv T, Augarten A, Barzilai A, Ben-Abraham R, Vardi A, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in children : a 10 year experiences. Isr Med Assoc J 1999;1:149-53
- Lee TJ, Kim DS, Shin DH. A clinical study of the acute respiratory distress syndrome in children. J Korean Pediatr Soc 2003;46:42-50
- Choi SJ, Jeong DS, Oh JW, Lee HB, Kang IJ, Kim KW, et al. A nationwide clinical study of acute respiratory distress syndrome in children. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1999;42:23-31
- Randolph AG, Meert KL, O'Neil ME, Hanson JH, Luckett PM, Arnold JH. The feasibility of conducting clinical trials in infants and children with acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:1334-40. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200210-1175OC
- Verghese GM, McCormick-Shannon K, Mason RJ, Matthay MA. Hepatocyte growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor in the pulmonary edema fluid of patients with acute lung injury. Biologic and clinical significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:386-94 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9711111
- Pfenninger J, Gerber A, Tschappeler H, Zimmermann A. Adult respiratory distress syndrome in children. J Pediatr 1982;101:352-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(82)80057-7
- Kaplan RL, Sahn SA, Petty TL. Incidence and outcome of the respiratory distress syndrome in gram-negative sepsis. Arch Intern Med 1979;139:867-9 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.139.8.867
- Sarnaik AP, Lieh-Lai M. Adult respiratory distress syndrome in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1994;41:337-63
- Maunder RJ, Hudson LD. Clinical risks associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. In : Zapol WM, Lermaire F, editors. Acute respiratory failure. New York : Marcel Dekker, 1991:1-21
- Sloane PJ, Gee MH, Gottlieb JE, Albertine KH, Peters SP, Burns JR, et al. Multicenter registry of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:419-26 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/146.2.419
- Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, Jimenez P, Gonzalez J, Ferrer A, et al. Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:523-8 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/142.3.523
- Pugin J, Verghese G, Widmer M-C, Matthay MA. The alveolar space is the site of intense inflammatory and profibrotic reaction in the early phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 1999;27:304-12 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199902000-00036
- Martin C, Papazian L, Payan MJ, Saux P, Gouin F. Pulmonary fibrosis correlates with outcome in adult respiratory distress syndrome : a study in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 1995;107:196-200 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.107.1.196
- Lachmann B. Open up the lung and keep the lung open. J Intensive Care Med 1992;18:319-21 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01694358
- Arnold JH, Hanson JH, Toro-Figuero LO, Gutierrez J, Berens RJ, Anglin DL. Prospective, randomized comparison of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in pediatric respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1530-9
- Mehta S, Lapinsky SE, Hallett DC, Merker D, Groll RJ, Cooper AB, et al. Prospective trial of high-frequency oscillation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2001;29:1360-9 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200107000-00011
- Arnold JH, Anas NG, Luckett P, Cheifetz IM, Reyes G, Newth CJ, et al. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric repiratory failure : multicenter experience. Crit Care Med 2000;28:3913-9 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200012000-00031
- Prodhan P, Novoski N. Pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure : management of oxygenation. J Intensive Care Med 2004;19:140-53 https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066604263859
- Grasso S, Mascia L, Del Turco M, Malacarne P, Giunta F, Brochard L, et al. Effect of recruiting maneuvers in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilated with protective ventilatory strategy. Anesthesiology 2002;96:795-802 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200204000-00005
- Villagra A, Ochagavia A, Vatua S, Murias G, Del Mar Fernandez M, Lopez Aguilar J, et al. Recruitment maneuvers during lung protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:165-70 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.2104092
- Wilson JW. Treatment or prevention of pulmonary cellular damage with pharmacologic doses of corticosteroid. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1972;134:675-81
- Cheney FW Jr, Huang TH, Gronka R. Effects of methylprednisolone on experimental pulmonary injury. Ann Surg 1979;190:236-42 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197908000-00018
- Meduri GU. The role of the host defense response in the progression and outcome of ARDS : pathophysiological correlations and response to glucocorticoid treatment. Eur Respir J 1996;9:2650-70 https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09122650
- Braude S, Haslam P, Hughes D, MacNaughton P, Evans TW. Chronic adult respiratory distress syndrome- a role for corticosteroid. Crit Care Med 1992;20:1187-9 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199208000-00021
- Okamoto K, Hamaguchi M, Kukita I, Kikuta K, Sato T. Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in children with ARDS. Chest 1998;114:827-33 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.114.3.827
- Kinsella JP, Truog WE, Walsh WF, Goldberg RN, Bancalari E, Mayock DE, et al. Randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn. J Pediatr 1997;131:55-62 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70124-0