Journal of fish pathology (한국어병학회지)

The Korean Society of Fish Pathology (한국어병학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Red ginseng extract on immune function of Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio.

홍삼추출물이 이스라엘잉어의 면역반응에 미치는 영향

  • Choi, Min-Soon (Department of Aqualife Medicine, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Park, Sung-Woo (Department of Aqualife Medicine, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Park, Kwan-Ha (Department of Aqualife Medicine, Kunsan National University)
  • 최민순 (군산대학교 해양과학대학 수산생명의학과) ;
  • 박성우 (군산대학교 해양과학대학 수산생명의학과) ;
  • 박관하 (군산대학교 해양과학대학 수산생명의학과)
  • Published : 20051200
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Israeli carps were intraperitoneally injected with an aqueous extract of red ginseng (RG) at five different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight). The fish were sacrificed after 3 days and measured the neutrophil activity and plasma components. The activity of lysozyme, Ht, TIC and NBT reduction were significantly enhanced in the concentrations of more than 10 mg/kg. Further attempts were made to measure the effects of RG on leucocyte function at five different concentrations (1-100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$), in vitro. The proliferation of lymphocytes co-incubated with phytohaemagglutin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly increased at 10 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration, but suppressed at the highest concentration (100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). RG alone or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had no effect on proliferation at any concentrations tested. Migration and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) production of leucocytes were enhanced in all concentration higher than 10 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. These results suggest that the RG activates the leucocyte function and may be able to be used as a stimulant of fish innate defences.

홍삼추출물을 다양한 농도 (1-50 mg/kg)로 어체의 복강내에 주입하여 3일 후 어체를 희생시켜서 Ht, lysozyme, TIC 및 NBT reduction을 측정한 바, 10 ㎍/㎎ 이상의 처치군에 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다. 한편, in vitro에서 홍삼 추출물을 처리시 림프구의 증식능에 미치는 영향은 PHA 혹은 Con A와 혼합처리 경우에는 10 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$농도에서 가장 높은 증가를 보였으나, 고농도 (100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$)에서는 억제되었다. 그렇지만, RGE 단독 혹은 LPS혼합 처리군에서는 증가효과가 유의성 있게 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 백혈구의 유주능 및 발생기산소 (ROI)의 생성은 10 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$이상의 처리군에서 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 홍삼추출물을 복강내로 처리시 림프구의 증식 및 탐식세포의 기능을 증가시키는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 면역보조제로 사용하기 위해서는 경구투여에 따른 실행이 수행되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alderman, D. J.: Fisheries chemotheraphy: a review, In 'recent advances in aquaculture' (ed by Muir, J. M. and Roberts, R. J.) Croom Helm. London, Vol. 3: 1-61. 1988
  2. Babior, B. M., Kipnes, R. S. and Curnutte, J.: Biological defence mechanism: the production by leucocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent. J. Clin. Invest., 2: 741-752, 1973
  3. Bae, J. H.: Effect of white ginseng on the function of mouse peritoneal macrophages and their gene expression. J. Korean SOc. Food Sci. Ntur.,26(6): 1252-1257,1997
  4. Bellina, L. and Salerno, A.: Chicken buffy coat leukocyte as indicator cells for human leukocyte migration inhibitory factor. J. Immunol. Methods, 43: 227-238, 1987
  5. Choi, M. S., Kim, Y. H. and Jang, C. c. Effect of red ginseng extracts on the immune response in mouse. J. Basic life Res. Sci., 2(2): 47-58, 2002
  6. Czop, J. K. and Kay, J.: Isolation and characterization of $beta$-glucan receptors on human mononuclear phagocytes. The J. Exper. Med., 173: 1511-20, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.173.6.1511
  7. Ellis, A. E: Serum antiproteases in fish. Technique in fish immunology. SOS publications. pp. 95-99, 1990
  8. Grinde, B.: Lysozyme from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogens. J. Fish Dis., 12: 95-104, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00281.x
  9. Grondel, J. L. and Harnsen, G. M.: Phylogeny of interleukins: growth factors produced by leucocytes of the cyprinid fish, Cvprinus carpio L. Immunology, 52: 447-482,1984
  10. Hu, S. C. Concha R., Cooray, A. and Hornberg, O.: Ginseng enhanced oxidative and phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear leucocytes from bovine peripheral blood and stripping milk. Vet. Res., 26: 155-161. 1995
  11. Jang, S. I., Marsden, M. J., Kim, Y G., Choi, M. S. and Secornbes, C. J.: The effect of glycyrrhizin on rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss (Walbaum), leucocytes response. J. Fish Dis., 18: 307-315, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00307.x
  12. Junda, L., Wang, S., Hongtao, L., Liping, Y and Guozhu, N.: Stimulatory effect of saponin from panax ginseng on immune function of lymphocytes in the elderly. Mechanism of aging and development, 83: 43-53, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(95)01618-A
  13. Jung, S. H., Lee, J. S., Han, H. K, Jun, C. Y and Lee H. Y: Effects of medical herb extract on non specific immune response, haematology and disease resistance on Olive flounder; Paralichthys olivaceus by oral administration. J, F. Pathol., 15(I): 25-35, 2002
  14. Kim, H. S. and Lee, M. K: Effects of ginsenoides on the development of morphine-induced tolerance and physical dependence in mice. Kor. J. pharmacol., 20(2): 123-127,1989
  15. Kim, M. J. and Jung, N. P.: The effect of Ginseng saponin on the mouse immune system. K. J. Ginseng Sci.,11(2): 130-135, 1987
  16. Kim, K H., Lee, J. R., Jung, I. S., Chung, H. Y and Yun, Y S.: The pattern cytokine mRNA expression induced by polysaccharide from panax ginseng C. A. Mayer, 22(4): 324-342, 1998
  17. Kwak, Y S., Wee, J. J., Hwang, S. Y, Kyung, J. S., Nam, K Y and Kim, S. K: Effect of crude saponin from korean red ginseng on clinical chemical parameters of ovariectomized rat. K. J. Ginseng Sci., 24(1): 46-54, 2000
  18. Lee, H. Y and Lee, H. S.: Stimulatory effect of korean red-ginseng extract on the proliferation and cellular activity of lymphocytes. Kor. J. Ginwng Sci., 22(2): 132-141,1998
  19. Lunden, T. and Bylund, G.: The influence of in vitro and in vivo exposure to antibiotics on mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphoid cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 10: 395-404,2000 https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1999.0247
  20. Lunden, T. Lilibus, E. M. and Bylund, G.: Respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes in modulated by antimicrobial drugs. Aquaculture, 207:203-212,2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00760-8
  21. Mizuno, M., Yamada, J., Terai, H., Kozukue, N., Lee, Y S. and Tsuchida, H.: Differences in immunomodulating effects between wild and cultured panax ginseng. Biochem. Biophysic. Res. Cornmun., 200: 1672-1678, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1644
  22. Nam, K. Y, Ko, S. R. and Choi, K. J.: Relationship of saponin and non-saponin for the quality of ginseng., 22(4): 274-283, 1998
  23. Niks, M. and Otto, M.: Towards an optimized MTT assay. J. Immunol. Methods, 130: 149-155. 1990 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(90)90309-J
  24. Oura, H., Hia, S., Okada, Y. and Yokozawa, T.: Studies on the biochemical action of ginseng saponin. Purification from ginseng extract of the active component stimulating serum protein biosynthesis. J. Biochem., 77: 1057-1063,1975 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130806
  25. Rook, G. A. W., Steele, J., Umar, S. and Dockrell, H. M.: A simple method for the solubilization of reduced NET, and its use as a colorimetric assay for activation of human macrophages by gamma interferon. J. Immunol. Method., 82: 161-167,1985 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(85)90235-2
  26. Secombes, C. J.: Isolation of salmonid macrophages and analysis of their killing activity. In techniques in fish immunology. Vol. I (ed by), SOS Pub. Fair Haven, NJ. 137-154,1990
  27. Secombes, C. J.: The nonspecific immune system: Cellular defences In: Iwama, G., Nakanish, T. (eds). The fish immune system: Organism, pathogens, environment. Academic Press. USA. pp. 63-103, 1996
  28. Song, Z., Arsalan, K., Hong, w., Viggo, E, Claus, M., Helle, K. J., Jorgen R. and Niels H.: Effects of ginseng treatment on neutrophil chemiluminescence and immunoglobulin G subclasses in a rat model of chronic Pseudomonas aeroginosa Pneumonia. Clinical and Diagnostic Lab. immunology, 5(6): 882-887, 1998
  29. Stahl, P. D.: The mannose receptor and other macrophages lectins. Current opinion in immunology, 4: 49-52, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(92)90123-V
  30. Swicki, A. K., Anderson, D. P. and Rumsey, G. L.: Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protein against frunculosis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 41: 125-139, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90062-0
  31. Wu, S., Jua, Z. J., Xao, Y. L., Wang, Y., Zhag, J., Zhag, H. Y. and Du W. Y.: Effect of ginsenopolypeptide on the 3H-TdR integration human blood lymphocytes. Chin Med J, 104(5): 399-401. 1991