Food Science and Biotechnology

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Enhanced Immune Cell Functions and Cytokine Production after in vitro Stimulation with Arabinoxylans Fraction from Rice Bran

  • Choi, Eun-Mi (Department of Biotechnology & Biopolymer National Research Lab, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Ah-Jin (Department of Biotechnology & Biopolymer National Research Lab, Yonsei University) ;
  • Hwang, Jae-Kwan (Department of Biotechnology & Biopolymer National Research Lab, Yonsei University)
  • Published : 2005.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the augmentation mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in vitro. The cytotoxicity of mouse spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 tumor cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with AXrb at $10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism by which AXrb enhance NK cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of AXrb on cytokine production by spleen lymphocytes. Culture supernatants of the cells incubated with AXrb were collected and analyzed for IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis by ELISA. IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ production were increased significantly. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Th1 immune responses. Macrophages play an important role in host defenses against tumors by killing them and producing secretory products, which protect against bacterial, viral infection and malignant cell growth. AXrb were examined for their ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various concentrations ($10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$) of AXrb, AXrb induced tumoricidal activity, as well as increasing phagocytosis and the production of NO, $H_2O_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in nutraceuticals and cereal-based functional food.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. v.5 ABD-El-Ghaffer Y. NK cell activity in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation to the etiology of the disease Ghoneum, M.;Ghonaim, M.;Namatalla, G.;Vojdani, A.;Alamy, M.;Gill, G.;El-Bana, H.;Nafie, E.
  2. J. Immunol. v.138 Induction of NK cell activity against fresh human leukemia in culture with interleukin-2 Lotzova, E.;Savary, C.A.;Herberman, R.B.
  3. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. v.75 Lymphokine-activated killer cells: a new approach to immunotherapy of cancer Rosenberg, S.
  4. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. v.288 Mechanisms of macrophages-mediated tumor cell lysis: role for the monokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 Fidler, I.J.;Ichinose, Y.
  5. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. v.16 Enhancement of antitumor cytotoxicity of hepatic lymphocytes by oral administration of PSK Yunoki, S.;Tanaka, N.;Hizuta, A.;Orita, K.
  6. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. v.19 Development of hyporesponsiveness of natural killer cells to augmentation of activity after multiple treatment with biological response modifiers Saito, T.;Ruffmann, R.;Welker, R.D.;Herberman, R.B.;Chirigos, M.A.
  7. 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research Natural killer immunomodulatory function in 27 cancer patients by MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan from rice bran. Abstract Ghoneum, M.;Namatalla, G.
  8. Int. J. Immunother. v.14 no.2 Enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by modified arabinoxylan from rice bran (MGN-3) Ghoneum, M.
  9. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. v.243 Anti-HIV activity in vitro of MGN-3, an activated arabinoxylane from rice bran Ghoneum, M.
  10. Food Sci. Biotechnol. v.10 Production of function carbohydrates by the extrusion reactor Hwang, J.K.
  11. J. Food Sci. v.63 Extrusion of apple pomace facilitates pectin extrusion Hwang, J.K.;Kim, C.J.;Kim, C.T.
  12. J. Leukoc. Biol. v.50 Poly I:C-induced anti-herpes simplex virus type I activity in inflammatory macrophages is mediated by induction of interferon-beta Pyo, S.;Gangemi, J.D.;Ghaffar, A.;Mayer, E.P.
  13. J. Immunol. v.135 Synergistic activation of recombinant mouse interferon-g and muramyl dipeptide of tumoricidal properties in mouse peritoneal macrophages Saiki, I.;Fidler, I.J.
  14. Toxicon. v.34 Suitability of the MTT-based cytotoxicity assay to detect okadaic acid contamination of mussels Tubaro, A.;Florio, C.;Luxich, E.;Vertua, R.;Della Loggia, R.;Yasumoto, T.
  15. J. Immunol. Methods v.119 Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill Hansen, M.B.;Nielsen, S.E.;Berg, K.
  16. Cancer Lett. v.136 Involvement of NO, $H_2O_2$ and TNF-alpha in the reduced antitumor activity of murine peritoneal macrophages by aflatoxin B1 Moon, E.Y.;Rhee, D.K.;Pyo, S.
  17. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. v.41 Stress and immune responses. III. Effect of resistant stress on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, natural killer (NK) activity and phagocytosis in mice Okimura, T.;Ogawa, M.;Yamauchi, T.
  18. Immunol. Lett. v.61 Alkaline phosphatase activity is expressed in murine splenic B-lymphocytes sensitized in vivo with Tetanus toxoid Padmaja, K.;Ramanadham, M.
  19. Complex of methods for determination of functional activity of phagocyting cells;Ecological Immunology Pinegin, B.V.;Butakov, A.A.;Shelcina, T.L.;Khaitov, R.M.(ed.);Pinegin, B.V.(ed.);Istamov, H.I.(ed.)
  20. J. Immunol. v.139 A synthetic peptide homologous to the envelope proteins of retroviruses inhibits monocyte-mediated killing by inactivating interleukin-1 Kleinerman, E.S.;Lachman, L.B.;Knowles, R.D.;Snyderman, R.;Cianciolo, G.J.
  21. Meth. Enzymol. v.132 Microassays for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction using an enzyme immunoassay microplate reader Pick, E.
  22. J. Immunol. v.121 Target-effector interaction in the natural (NK) cell system. II. The isolation of NK cells and studies on the mechanism of killing Roder, J.C.;Kiessling, R.;Biberfeld, P.;Andersson, B.
  23. APMIS v.103 Role of interferons and other cytokines in the regulation of the immune response Belardelli, F.
  24. J. Biol. Chem. v.268 Expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene in mouse macrophages activated for tumor cell killing Lorsbach, R.B.;Murphy, W.J.;Lowenstein, C.J.;Snyder, S.H.;Russell, S.W.
  25. Annu. Rev. Immunol. v.2 The cell biology of macrophage activation Adams, D.O.;Hamilton, T.A.
  26. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. v.350 Role of interferon in regulation of cytotoxicity by NK cells and macrophages Herberman, R.B.;Ortaldo, J.R.;Djeu, J.Y.;Holden, H.T.;Jett, J.;Lang, N.P.;Rubinstein, M.;Pestka, S.
  27. Int. J. Cancer v.37 Interaction of recombinant interferons with recombinant interleukin-2: Differential effects on natural killer cell activity and interleukin-2 activated killer cells Brunda, M.J.;Tarnowski, D.;Davatelis, V.
  28. Clin. Exp. Immunol. v.111 Abnormal intracellular IL-2 and interferon-gamma $(IFN-{\gamma})$ production as HIV-1-associated markers of immune dysfunction Westby, M.;Marriott, J.B.;Guckian, M.;Cookson, S.;Hay, P.;Dalgleish, A.G.
  29. Nature v.372 Interleukin-2-mediated elimination of the p27Kipl cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor prevented by rapamycin Nourse, J.;Firpo, E.;Flanagan, W.M.;Coats, S.;Polyak, K.;Lee, M.H.;Massague, J.;Crabtree, G.R.;Roberts, J.M.
  30. N. Engl. J. Med. v.335 Controlled trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus Kovacs, J.A.;Vogel, S.;Albert, J.M.;Falloon, J.;Davey, R.T. Jr.;Walker, R.E.;Polis, M.A.;Spooner, K.;Metcalf, J.A.;Baseler, M.;Fyfe, G.;Lane, H.C.
  31. J. Immunol. v.126 Murine NK cell cultures: effects of interleukin-2 and interferon on cell growth and cytotoxic reactivity Kuribayashi, K.;Gillis, S.;Kern, D.E.;Henney, C.S.
  32. Anat. Embryol. v.180 Cytotoxic effector cells of the immune system Groscurth, P.
  33. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. v.35 Chemo-adoptive immunotherapy of nude mice implanted with human colorectal carcinoma and melanoma cell lines Gazit, Z.;Weiss, D.W.;Shouval, D.;Yechezkeli, M.;Schirrmacher, V.;Notter, M.;Walter, J.;Kedar, E.
  34. Annu. Rev. Immunol. v.7 TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties Mosmann, T.R.;Coffman, R.L.
  35. Eur. J. Immunol. v.26 Negative feedback mechanism suppresses interleukin-12 production by antigen-presenting cells interacting with T helper 2 cells Hino, A.;Nariuchi, H.
  36. J. Biol. Chem. v.266 Tumor necrosis factor. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of its multiple actions Vilcek, J.;Lee, T.H.
  37. Arthritis Rheum v.38 Inhibition of the production and effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in rheumatoid arthritis Arend, W.P.;Dayer, J.M.
  38. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. v.47 Regulation of immune complexes binding of macrophages by pectic polysaccharide from Bupleurum falcatum L.: pharmacological evidence for the requirement of intracellular calcium/calmodulin on Fc receptor up-regulation by bupleurum 2IIb Matsumoto, T.;Yamada, H.
  39. Carbohydr. Res. v.300 Rhamno-galacturonan II from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer as a macrophage Fc receptor expression-enhancing polysaccharide Shin, K.S.;Kiyohara, H.;Matsumoto, T.;Yamada, H.
  40. Eur. J. Immunol. v.23 The involvement of CD14 in stimulation of cytokine production by uronic acid polymers Espevik, T.;Otterlei, M.;Skjak-Braek, G.;Ryan, L.;Wright, S.D.;Sundan, A.