대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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대학 인적자원 공급의 지리적 특성: 미국 3개 도시 지역의 정보통신업체를 사례로

Raising Human Capital in Three U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Geographies of Educators Workforce Supply from Higher Education Institutions to Information Technology Companies

  • 발행 : 2005.12.01
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초록

지식기반사회의 도래와 함께 인적 자원과 대학 교육의 중요성이 점차 강조되고 있으며, 도시지역은 이런 인적자원을 유인하여 경제발전이 이루어지는 장소로 인식되어 왔다. 고급 인력 공급은 최근 경제 발전을 주도해온 정보기술산업의 핵심적인 요소이다. 본 연구는 미국 대도시 지역에서 대학의 정보통신업체에 대한 인력 공급의 지리적 특성에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 설문조사와 인터뷰를 통하여 분석한다. 분석 결과에 따르면, (1) 정보통신업체와 대학간 근접성은 대학이 고급 인력을 IT업체에 공급하는 정도를 증가시키고, (2) 필요 인력의 전문성 및 희소성의 정도가 높을수록 인력 공급의 지리적 범위가 넓어진다. (3) 더 높은 학위 수준을 제공하는 대학일수록 인력 공급의 지리적 범위가 넓어지며, (4) 규모가 큰 정보통신업체일수록 인력 공급의 지리적 범위가 넓어진다.

Human capital and higher education have been increasingly emphasized with the rise of a knowledge-based economy. Cities are recognized as places to attract human capital and spur economic development. Educated workforce supply is one of the critical parts to sustain IT industries, which have been leading recent economic development. This paper examines factors affecting geographies of educated workforce supply from colleges and universities to companies in U.S. metropolitan areas through questionnaire survey and interviews with IT companies and IT-related programs at colleges and universities. The results show that: (1) physical proximity between IT companies and colleges/universities enhances the degree of educated workforce supply from colleges/universities to IT companies; (2) IT companies which seek more specialized and rarer expertise recruit the workforce from colleges or universities over longer distance; (3) colleges and universities which offer a higher degree have geographically more extensive supply of educated workforce to IT companies than those which offer a lower degree; and (4) large IT companies have more geographically extensive supply of educated workforce to colleges/universities than small IT companies.

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