Journal of the Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회지)

The Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회)
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A GIS-based Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Individual Accessibility: A Critical Examination of Spatial Accessibility Measures

GIS를 이용한 접근성의 공간적 패턴 분석: 공간적 접근성 측정방법에 대한 비판적 검토

  • Kim Hyun-Mi (Department of Geography Education, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2005.12.01
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to critically examine conventional spatial measures of individual accessibility, which are based on the notion of spatial proximity, the single reference location, and the unlinked travel model. Using space-time accessibility measures with the travel-activity diary data set of Portland Metro, US, three expectations from spatial measures on spatial patterns of individual accessibility were empirically examined: (1) does individual accessibility decrease with an increase of distance from the CBD?; (2) does the spatial pattern of accessibility resemble that of urban opportunity density pattern?; and (3) are spatial patterns of individual accessibility of different socio- demographic population groups basically similar as people in the same area share the same geographic characteristics regardless of gender, race, age, and so on? First of all, the results showed that spatial variations in individual accessibility were not directly determined by spatial proximity and opportunity density as suggested by previous accessibility measures. The spatial pattern of individual accessibility was dramatically different from that of urban opportunity density High peaks of accessibility level were found far away from the CBD and regional centers. This finding might be associated with the importance of multi-reference locations and linked travels in shaping accessibility in reality. Furthermore, this study found that spatial patterns of accessibility clearly differ between men and women. These findings suggest that access requires more than proximity, and that the interaction between person-specific space-time constraints and the consequential availability of urban opportunities in space-time renders different accessibility experiences to people even in the same region, which would be one of the key ingredients missing from conventional spatial measures of accessibility.

본 연구는 시간지리학 개념을 도입한 새로운 접근성 개념을 통해 공간적 근접성과 단일한 이동 행태를 전제하는 기존의 방법을 비판적으로 검토해보고자 한다. 이를 위해, 미국 Portland Metro 지역의 개인통행자료를 이용해 시공간적 접근성의 공간적 패턴과 근접성의 관계를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 시간지리학의 시공간 프리즘 개념에 기반한 시공간적 접근성은 근접성 외에도 시공간 제약에 따른 다양한 이동성을 고려한 대안적 방법으로 최근 새롭게 주목받고 있다. 기존 방법은 접근성이 도시의 기능 중심성과 유사한 공간패턴을 보일 것으로 예상하지만, 연구결과는 접근성이 근접성보다는 개인의 시공간적 속성에 더 많은 영향을 받는다는 사실을 보여준다. 접근성은 CBD나 도시기회의 고밀도지역을 멀리 벗어난 지역에서 오히려 높게 나타났으며, 같은 지리적 특성을 공유하는 동일 지역이라 할지라도 성별에 따라 다르게 드러났다. 이는 접근성이 거주지뿐만 아니라 다른 공간적 축들(직장, 자녀의 탁아시설등)을 중심으로도 형성되며, 이에 따라 집에서 멀리 떨어진 곳의 도시 기회들이 집 주변의 도시기 회들보다 개인의 접근성에 더 큰 기여를 할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

Keywords

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