References
- D.F. Calbreath, The Scope of Clinical Chemistry, In: Clinical Chemistry. A Fundamental Text book, S. Ozmar Ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, pp. 3-9, 1992
- M.C. Linhares and P.T. Kissinger, 'Bioanalytical sample preparation using micro dialysis and ultrafiltration capillaries', TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., Vol. 11, pp.171-176, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(92)87005-5
- Z. Trajanoski, P. Wach, , R. Gfrerer, G. Jobst, G. Urban, P. Kotanko, and F. Skrabal, 'Portable device for continuous fractionated blood sampling and continuous ex vivo blood glucose monitoring', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 11, pp. 479-487, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(96)86784-4
- A. P. F. Turner, I. Karube, and G. S. Wilson, Biosensors: Fundamentals, and Applications, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987
- J.S. Schultz and R. F. Taylor, Introduction to chemical and biological sensors, In: Handbook of chemical and biological sensors, R.F. Taylor, and J.S. Schultz, Eds., London: IOP, pp. 1-10, 1996
- F.W. Scheller, F. Schubert, and J. Fedowitz, Present state and frontiers in biosensorics, In: Frontiers in biosensorics I. Fundamental aspects, F.W. Scheller, F. Schubert, and J. Fedowitz Eds., Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, pp. 1-12, 1997
- A. E. G. Cass, T. Cass, J. Cooper, Biosensors: A Practical Approach, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004
- L. C. Jr. Clark and C. Lyons, 'Electrode systems for continuous monitoring cardiovascular surgery', Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 102, pp. 29-45, 1962 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x
- J. Castillo, S. Gasper, S. Leth, M. Niculescu, A. Mortari, I. Bontidean, V. Soukharev, S. A. Dorneanu, A. D. Ryadov, and E. Csoregi, 'Biosensors for life quality-design, development and applications', Sens. Actuat. B, Vol. 102, pp.179-194, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2004.04.084
- D. R. Thevenot, K. Toth, R. A. Durst, and G. S.Wilson, 'Electrochemical biosensors: recommended definitions and classification', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 16, pp. 121-131, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00115-4
- C.L. Morgan, D. J. Newman, and C.P. Price, 'Immunosensors: technology and opportunities in laboratory medicine', Clin. Chem., Vol. 42, pp. 193-209, 1996
- R. Ekins, 'Immunoassay: recent developments and future directions', Nucl. Med. Biol., Vol. 21, pp. 495-521, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)90073-6
- W. Gopel, 'Controlled signal transduction across interfaces of 'intelligent' molecular systems', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 10, pp. 35-59, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(95)96793-X
- X. D. Dong, J. Lu, and C. Cha, 'Characteristics of the glucose oxidase at different surfaces', Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., Vol. 42, pp. 63-69, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-4598(96)05140-9
- N. Barie and M. Rapp, 'Covalent bound sensing layers on surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensors', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 16, pp. 979-987, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00198-1
- J. Wang, Electrochemical Transduction, In: Handbook of Chemical and Biological Sensors, R. F. Taylor, and J. S. Schultz, Eds. London: IOP, pp. 123-138, 1996
- D. Pfeiffer, Commercial Biosensors for Medical Application. In: Frontiers in Biosensorics II. Practical Applications, F. W. Scheller, F. Schubert, and J. Fedowitz, Eds., Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, pp. 149-160, 1997
- U. Jonsson, , L. Fagerstam, , B. Ivarsson, B. Johnsson, R. Karlsson, K. Lundh, S. Lofas, B. Persson, H. Roos, and I. Ronnberg, 'Real-time biospecific interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance and a sensor chip technology', Biotechniques, Vol. 11, pp. 620-627, 1991
- A. Brecht and G. Gauglitz, Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy for Direct Affinity Sensing. In: Frontiers in Biosensorics II. Practical Applications, F.W. Scheller, F. Schubert, and J. Fedowitz, Eds., Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, pp. 1-16, 1997
- L. J. Kricka, 'Selected strategies for improving sensitivity and reliability of immunoassays', Clin. Chem., Vol. 40, pp. 347-357, 1994
- J. Joracek and P. Skaladal, 'Improved direct piezoelectric biosensors operating in liquid solution for the competitive label-free immunoassay of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid', Anal. Chim. Acta, Vol. 347, pp. 43-50, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(97)00125-6
- W. R. Heineman and H.B. Halsall, 'Strategies for electrochemical immunoassay', Anal. Chem., Vol. 57, pp. 1321A-1331A, 1985
- E. Gizeli and C.R.Lowe, 'Immunosensors', Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., Vol. 7, pp. 66-71, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-1669(96)80097-8
- A. L. Ghindilis, P. Atanasov, M. Wilkins, and E. Wilkins, 'Immunosensors: electrochemical sensing and other engineering approaches', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 13, pp. 113-131. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(97)00031-6
- M. A.Gonzalez-Martinez, R. Puchades, and A. Maquieira, 'On-line immunoanalysis for environmental pollutants: from batch assays to automated sensors', TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., Vol. 18, pp. 204-218, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(98)00110-1
- P. Skladal, 'Advances in electrochemical immunosensors', Electroanalysis, Vol. 9, pp. 737-745, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091002
- A. F. Chetcuti and D. K. Y. Wong, 'An indirect perfluorosulfonated ionomer-coated electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the protein humanchronic gonadotrophin', Anal. Chem., Vol. 71, pp. 4088-4094, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac981216a
- C. J. McNeil, D. Athey, and R. Renneberg, Immunosensors for Clinical Diagnosis, In: Frontiers in Bioserisorics II. Practical Applications, F.W. Scheller, F. Schubert, and J. Fedowitz, Eds., Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, pp.17-25, 1997
- P.B. Luppa, L. J. Sokoll, and D. W. Chan, 'Immunosesnors-principles and applications to clinical chemistry', Clinica Chimica Acta, Vol. 314, pp.1-26, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00629-5
- K. R. Rogers, 'Principles of affinity-based biosensors', Mol. Biotechnol., Vol. 14, pp.109-129, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1385/MB:14:2:109
- M. Aizawa, 'Immunoserisors for clinical analysis', Adv. Clin. Chem., Vol. 31, pp. 247-275, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2423(08)60337-6
- A. L. Ghindilis, P. Atanasov, M. Wilkins, and E. Wilkins, 'Immunosensors: electrochemical sensing and other engineering approaches', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 13, pp. 113-31, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(97)00031-6
-
S. M. Park, Electrochemistry of
${\eth}$ -Conjugated Polymers. In: Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, H. S. Nalwa, Ed., Chichester: Wiley, Vol. 3, Chapter 9, pp 429-469, 1997 and references cited therein - Y. -B. Shim, M.- S. Won, S. M. Park, 'Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. VIII. In situ spectroelectrochemical studies of polyaniline growth mechanisms'. J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 137, pp. 538-44, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2086494
- Y. -B. Shim, D. E. Stilwell, S. M. Park, 'Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. X: polyaniline-based potentiometric sensor for dissolved oxygen'. Electroanalysis, Vol. 3, pp. 31-36, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030106
- Y. -B. Shim, S. M. Park, 'Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. XXII. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies of polyazulene growth and its characterization'. J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 144, pp. 3027-3033, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837954
- M. Gerard, A. Chaubey, and B.D. Malhotra, 'Application of conducting polymers to biosensors', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 17, pp. 345-359, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00312-8
- S. Cosnier, 'Biomolecule immobilization on electrode surfaces by entrapment or attachment to electrochemically polymerized films. A review', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 14, pp. 443-456, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00024-X
- Y. T. Lee, Y.-B. Shim, and S. C. Shin, 'Simple preparation of terthiophene-3'-carboxylic acid and characterization of its polymer', Synth. Met., Vol. 126, pp. 105-110, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00556-2
- M. A. Rahman, M.-S. Won, and Y.-B. Shim, 'Characterization of an EDTA bonded conducting polymer modified electrode: its application for the simultaneous determination of heavy metal ions', Anal. Chem., Vol. 75, pp.1123-1129, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0262917
- M. A. Rahman, D. S. Park, S.-C. Chang, C. J. McNeil, and Y.-B. Shim, 'The biosensor based on the pyruvate oxidase modified conducting polymer for phosphate ions determinations', Biosen. Bioelectron., 2005, in press
-
M. A. Rahman, D. S. Park, and Y.-B. Shim, 'A performance comparison of choline biosensors:anodic or cathodic detections of
$H_2O_2$ generated by enzyme immobilized on a conducting polymer', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol.19, pp. 1565-1571, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2003.12.005 - M. A. Rahman, N.-H. Kwon, M.-S. Won, E. S. Choe, and Y.-B. Shim, 'Functionalized conducting polymer as an enzyme-immobilizing substrate: an amperometric glutamate microbiosensor for in vivo measurements', Anal. Chem., Vol. 77, pp. 4854-4860, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac050558v
- F. Darain, S.-U. Park, and Y.-B. Shim, 'Disposable amperometric immunosensor system for Rabbit IgG using a conducting polymer modified screen-printed electrode', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 18, pp. 773-780, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00004-6
- F. Darain, D.S. Park, J. S. Park, and Y.-B. Shim, 'Development of an immunosensor for the detection of vitellogenin using impedance spectroscopy', Biosnes. Bioelectron., Vol.19, pp.1245-1252, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2003.11.014
- F. Darain, D.-S. Park, J.-S. Park, S.-C. Chang, and Y.-B. Shim, 'A separation-free amperometric immunosensor for vitellogenin based on screen-printed carbon arrays modified with a conductive polymer', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 20, pp.1780-1787, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.07.006
- F. Darain, C. Ban, and Y.-B. Shim, 'Development of a new and simple method for the detection of histdine-tagged proteins', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol.20, pp. 857-863, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.028
- Y.-T. Lee and Y.-B. Shim, 'Direct DNA hybridization detection based on the oligonucleotide-functionalized conductive polymer', Anal. Chem., Vol. 73, pp. 5629-5632, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac015572w
- C. Ban, S. Chung, D.-S. Park, and Y.-B. Shim, 'Detection of protein-DNA interaction with a DNA probe: distinction between single-strand and double-strand DNA-protein interaction', Nucleic Acids Research, Vol.32, pp. e 110-e117, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gnh109
- P.U. Abel, and T. V. Woedtke, 'Biosensors for in vivo glucose measurement: can we cross the experimental stage', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 17, pp.1059-1070, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00099-4
- C. D. T. Bratten, P. H. Cobbold, and J. M. Cooper, 'Single-cell measurements, of purine release using a micro machined electroanalytical sensor', Anal. Chem., Vol. 70, pp.1164-1170, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac970982z
- T.I. Valdes and F. Moussy, 'In vitro and in vivo degradation of glucose, oxidase enzyme used for an implantable glucose biosensor', Diabet. Tech. Therap., Vol. 2, pp. 367-376, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1089/15209150050194233
- G. Broder and M.H. Weil, 'Excess lactate: an index of reversibility of shock in human patients', Science, Vol. 143, pp.1457-1459, 1964 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.143.3613.1457
- E. Akylmaz and E. Dickaya, 'A mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate based alcohol oxidase electrode for alcohol determination in serum', Talanta, Vol. 53, pp.505-509, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00517-8
- G. Reach and G. S. Wilson, 'Can continuous glucose monitoring be used for the treatment of diabetes', Anal. Chem., Vol. 64, pp. 381A-386A, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00030a001
- E. Wilkins, P. Atanasov, and B.A. Muggenburg, 'Integrated implantable device for long-term glucose monitoring', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 10, pp. 485-494, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(95)96894-5
- V. Poitout, , D. Moatti-Sirat, G. Reach, Y. Zhang, G. S. Wilson, F. Lemonnier, and J. C. Klein, 'A glucose monitoring system for on line estimation in man of blood glucose concentration using a miniaturized glucose sensor implanted in the subcutaneous tissue and a wearable control unit', Diabetologia, Vol. 36, pp. 658-663, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00404077
- Y. Hashiguchi, M. Sakakida, K. Nishida, T. Uemura, K. Kajiwara, and M. Shichiri, 'Development of a miniaturized glucose monitoring system by combining a needle-type glucose sensor with microdialysis sampling method. Long-term subcutaneous tissue glucose monitoring in ambulatory diabetic patients', Diabetes Care, Vol. 17, pp. 387-396, 1994 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.17.5.387
- M. Boopathi, M.-S. Won, Y.-B. Shim, 'A sensor for acetaminophen in a blood medium using a Cu(II)-conducting polymer complex modified electrode, Anal. Chim. Acta, Vol. 512, pp. 191-197, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.005
- G.A. Urban and G. Jobst, Biosensors with modified electrodes for in vivo and ex vivo applications. In: Frontiers in biosensorics II. Practical applications, F.W. Scheller, F. Schubert, and J. Fedowitz, Eds., Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, pp. 161-171, 1997
- M. Shichiri, N. Asakawa, Y. Yamasaki, R Kawamori, and H. Abe, 'Telemetry glucose monitoring device with needle type glucose sensor: a useful tool for blood glucose monitoring in diabetic individuals', Diabetes Care, Vol. 9, pp. 298-301, 1986 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.9.3.298
- M. Mascini, S. Fortunati, D. Moscone, G. Palleschi, M. Massi-Benedetti, and P.G. Fabietti, 'An L-lactate sensor with immobilized enzyme for use in in vivo studies with endocrine artificial pancreas', Clin. Chem., Vol. 31, pp. 451-453, 1985
- A.Q. Contractor, T.N. Sureshkumar, R Narayanan, S. Sukeerthi, R. Lal, and R.S. Srinivasa, 'Conducting polymars based biosensors', Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 39, pp.1321-1324, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(94)E0054-4
- M.M. Verghese, K. Ramanathan, S.M. Ashraf, and B.D. Malhotra, 'Enhanced loading of glucose oxidase on polyaniline films based on anion exchange', J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 70, pp.1447-1453, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19981121)70:8<1447::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-4
- M. R. Rahman, M.-S. Won, Y.-B. Shim, 'The potential use of hydrazine as an alternative to peroxidase in a biosensor: comparison between hydrazine and HRP-based glucose sensors, Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 21, pp. 257-265, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.036
- T.J. Ohara, R. Rajagopalan, and A. Heller, 'Wired' enzyme electrodes for amperometric determination of glucose or lactate in the presence of interfering substances', Anal. Chem., Vol. 66, pp. 2451-2457, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00087a008
- A.L. Hart and A.P.F. Turner, 'On the use of screen and ink-jet printing to produce amperometric enzyme electrodes for lactate', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 11, pp. 263-270, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(96)88413-2
- C.I. Li, Y.H. Lin, C.L. Shih, J.P. Tsaur, and L.K. Chau, 'Sol-gel encapsulation of lactate dehydrogenase for optical sensing of L-iactate', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 17, pp. 323-330, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00287-1
- B.F.Y. Yon Hin, and C.R. Lowe, 'Amperometric response of polypyrrole entrapped bienzyme films', Sens. Actuat. B, Vol. 7, pp. 339-342, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(92)80320-W
- J. Motonaka and L.R. Faulkner, 'Determination of cholesterol and cholesterol ester with novel enzyme micro-sensor', Anal. Chem., Vol. 65, pp. 3258-3261, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00070a015
- M.A.T. Gilmartin and J.P. Hart, 'Development of one-shot biosensor for the measurement of uric acid and cholesterol', Analyst, Vol. 119, pp. 2331-2336, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1039/an9941902331
- H. Kumar, 'Immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on formvar using organic solvents', Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., Vol. 30, pp. 231-233, 1999
- J.C. Vidal, E. Garcia, and J.R. Castillo, 'Development of a platinized and ferrocene mediated cholesterol amperometric biosensor based on electropolymerization of polypyrrole in a flow system', Anal. Sci., Vol. 18, pp. 537-541, 2002 https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.18.537
- G. K. Vengatajalabathy and F. Mizutani, 'Layer-by-layer construction of an active multiplayer enzyme electrode applicable for direct determination of cholesterol', Sens. Actuat. B, Vol. 80, pp. 272-277, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00911-X
- A. Brajter-Toth, A. El-Nour, E.T. Cavalheiro, and R. Bravo, 'Nanostructured carbon fiber disk electrodes for sensitive determinations of adenosine and uric acid', Anal. Chem., Vol. 72, pp. 1576-1584, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9906680
- S. Uchiyama, H. Shimizu, and Y. Hasebe, 'Chemical amplification of uric acid sensor responses by dithiothreitol', Anal. Chem., Vol. 66, pp. 1873-1876, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00083a016
- R. Bravo, C. Hsueh, A. Jaramillo, and A. Brajter-toth, 'Possibilities and limitations in miniaturized sensor design for uric acid', Analyst, Vol. 123, pp. 1625-1630, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1039/a802341g
- W.J. Cho and H.J. Huang, 'An amperometric urea biosensor based on a polyaniline-perfluorosulphonated ionomer composite electrode', Anal. Chem., Vol. 70, pp. 3946-3951, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac980004a
- U. Fischer, S. Alcock, and A.P.F. Turner, 'Assesement of devices for in vivo monitoring of chemical species', Biosens. Bioelectron. Vol. 10, pp. xxiii-xxx, 1995
- A. F. Chetcuti, D. K. Wong, and M. C. Stuart, 'An indirect perfluorosulfonated ionomer-coated electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the protein human chorionic gonadotrophin', Anal. Chem., Vol. 71, pp. 4088-4094, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac981216a
- M. Santandreu, S. Alegret, and E. Fabregas, 'Determination of b-HCG using amperometric immunosensors based on a conducting immunocomposite', Anal. Chim. Acta, Vol. 396, pp. 181-188, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00436-5
- S. Kelly, D. Compagnone, and G. Guilbault, 'Amperometric immunosensor for lactate dehydrogenase LD-1', Biosens. Bioelectron., Vol. 13, pp. 173-179, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(97)00105-X
- C. H. Liu, K. T. Liao, and H. J. Huang, 'Amperometric immunosensors based on protein a coupled polyaniline-perfluorosulfonated ionomer composite electrodes', Anal. Chem., Vol. 72, pp. 2925-2929, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9914317
- G. Key, A. Schreiber, R. Feldbrugge, .J. F. Glatz, and F. Spener, 'An immunosensor for rapid estimation of the early heart infarction- marker FABP', Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. Suppl., Vol. 111, pp. 289-292, 1997
- G. Key, A. Schreiber, R. Feldbrugge, J. F. Glatz, and F. Spener, 'Multicenter evaluation of an amperometric immunosensor for plasma fatty acid-binding protein: an early marker for acute myocardial infarction', Clin. Biochem., Vol. 32, pp. 229-231. 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(98)00108-8
- C. J. Cook, 'Real-time measurements of corticosteroids in conscious animals using an antibodybased electrode', Nat. Biotechnol., Vol. 15, pp. 467-471, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0597-467
- A. P. F. Turner, 'Immunosensors: The next generation', Nat. Biotechnol., Vol. 15, p. 421, 1997