References
- Andreae, M.O. (1981) Arsenic: industrial, biomedical, environmental perspectives. In Proceedings of the Arsenic Symposium, Lederer, W.H. and Fensterheim, R.J., (eds.), Van Nostrand, New York, p. 378-391
- Azcue, J.M. (1995) Environmental significance of elevated natural levels of arsenic. Environmental Review, v. 3, p. 212-221 https://doi.org/10.1139/a95-010
- Bermejo-Barrera, P., Barciela-Alonso, M.C., Ferron-Novais, M., and Bermejo-Barrera, A. (1995) Speci-ation of arsenic by the determination of total arsenic and arsenic(III) in marine sediment samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 10, p. 247-252 https://doi.org/10.1039/ja9951000247
- Bockelen, A. and Niener, R. (1992) Removal of arsenic from mineral water. Vom Wasser, v. 78, p. 355-362
- Borgono, J.M., Vicent, P., Venturino, H. and Infante, A. (1977) Arsenic in drinking water of the city of Anto-fagasta: epidemiological and clinical studies before and after the installation of a treatment plant. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 19, p. 103-105 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428458
- Borho, M. and Wilderer, P. (1996) Optimized removal of arsenate(III) by adaptation of oxidation and precipitation processes to the filtration step. Water Science and Technology, v. 34, p. 25-31
- Borzsonyi, M, Bereczky, A., Rudnai, P. Csanady, M. and Horvath, A. (1992) Epidemiological studies on human subjects exposed to arsenic in drinking water in southeast Hungary. Archives of Toxicology, v. 66, p. 77-78 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02307274
- Bowell, R.J. (1994) Sorption of arsenic by iron oxides and oxyhydroxides in soils. Applied Geochemistry, v. 9, p. 279-286 https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90038-8
- Breed, A.W., Harrison, S.T.L., and Hansford, G.S. (1997) Technical note a preliminary investigation of the ferric leaching of a pyrite/arsenopyrite flotation concentrate. Minerals Engineering, v. 10, p. 1023-1030 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(97)00081-2
- Buckley, A.N. and Walker, W. (1988) The surface composition of arsenopyrite exposed to oxidizing environments. Applications of Surface Science, v. 35, p. 227-240 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(88)90052-9
- Caroli, S. (1996) Direct methods of speciation of heavy metals in natural waters. In Element Speciation in Bioinorganic Chemistry, Winefordner, J.D. (ed.), New York, John Wiley and Sons, 23p
- Chappel, J., Chiswell, B. and Olszowy, H. (1995) Speciation of arsenic in a contaminated soil by solvent extraction. Talanta, v. 42, p. 323-329 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(95)01395-R
- Chatterjee, A, Das, D. and Chakraborti, D. (1993) A study of ground water contamination by arsenic in the residential area of Behala, Calcutta due to industrial pollution. Environmental Pollution, v. 80, p. 57-65 https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90010-L
- Chatterjee, A., Das, D., Mandal, B.K., Chowdhury, T.R., Samanta G. and Chakraborti, D. (1995) Arsenic in ground water in six districts of west Bengal, India: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Analyst, v. 120, p. 643-650 https://doi.org/10.1039/an9952000643
- Chen, S.L., Dzeng, S.R., Yang, M.H., Chlu, K.H., Shleh, G.M. and Wai, CM. (1994) Arsenic species in groundwaters of the blackfoot disease area, Taiwan. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, p. 877-881 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00054a019
- Chen, S.L., Yen, S.J., Yang, M.H. and Lin, T.H. (1995) Trace element concentration and arsenic speciation in the well water of a Taiwan area with endemic black-foot disease. Biological Trace Element Research, v. 48, p. 263-274 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789408
- Cherry J.A., Shaikh, A.U., Tallman, D.E. and Nicholson, R.V. (1979) Arsenic species as an indicator of redox conditions in groundwater. Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, p. 373-392 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90182-3
- Clifford, D., Ceber, L. and Chow, S. (1983) Arsenic(III)/ Arsenic(V) separation by chloride-form ion-exchange resins. XI. American Water Works Association. Water Quality Technology Conference, Norfolk, VA
- Cullen, W.R. and Reimer, K.J. (1989) Arsenic speciation in the environment. Chemical Review, v. 89, p. 713-764 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00094a002
- Del Razo, L.M., Arellano, M.A. and Cebrian, M.E. (1990) The oxidation states of As in well water from a chronic arsenism area of Northern Mexico. Environmental Pollution, v. 64, p. 143-153 https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(90)90111-O
- Demesmay, C. and Olle, M. (1997) Application of microwave digestion to the preparation of sediment samples for arsenic speciation. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, v. 357, p. 1116-1121 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160050316
- Driehaus, W., Seith, R, and Jekel, M. (1995) Oxidation of arsenate(III) with manganese oxides in water treatment. Water Research, v. 29, p. 297-305 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)E0089-O
- Edwards, M. (1994) Chemistry of arsenic removal during coagulation and Fe-Mn oxidation. Journal. American Water Works Association, p. 64-78
- Evangelou, V.P., Seta, A.K., and Holt, A. (1998) Potential role of bicarbonate during pyrite oxidation. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, p. 2084-2091 https://doi.org/10.1021/es970829m
- Evangelou, V.P. and Zhang, Y.L. (1995) A review: pyrite oxidation mechanisms and acid mine drainage prevention. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 25, p. 141-199 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389509388477
- Fleischer, M. (1983) Glossary of Mineral Species. The mineral record Inc., Tucson, Arizona. 202p
- Forstner, U. (1993) Metal speciation-general concepts and applications. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 51, p. 5-23 https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319308027608
- Frank, P. and Clifford, D. (1986) Arsenic(HI) Oxidation and Removal from Drinking Water U.S. EPA[Rep.], EPA-600-52-86/021
- Goldsmith, J.R., Deane, M. Thorn, J. and Gentry, G. (1972) Evaluation of health implications of elevated arsenic in well water. Water Research, v. 6, p. 1133-1136 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(72)90012-7
- Harrington, J.M., Middaugh, J.P., Morse, D.L., and Hous-worth, J. (1978) A survey of a population exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in well water in Fairbanks, Alaska. American Journal of Epidemiology, v. 108, p. 377-385 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112635
- Hopenhayn-Rich, C, Biggs, M.L., Fuchs, A., Bergoglio, R., Tello, E.E., Nicolli, H., and Smith, A.H. (1996) Bladder cancer mortality associated with arsenic in drinking water in Argentina Epidemiology, v. 7, p. 117-124 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199603000-00003
- Irgolic, K.T., Greschonig, H. and Howard, A.G. (1995) Arsenic. In Analyst: the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science Academic, London
- Jekel, M.R. (1994) Removal of arsenic in drinking water treatment. In Arsenic in the Environment, Part I: Cycling and Characterization, Nriagu, J.O. (ed.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, p. 119-132
- Johnson, D.L. and Pilson, M.E.Q. (1975) The oxidation of arsenite in seawater. Environmental Letters, v. 8, p.157-171 https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437429
- Kinniburgh, D.G., Jackson, M.L. and Syers, J.K. (1976) Adsorption of alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal cations by hydrous oxide gels of iron and aluminum. Soil Science Society of America. Journal, v. 40, p. 796-799 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000050047x
- Komnitsas, K., Xenidis, A. and Adam, K. (1995) Oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite in sulphidic spoils in Lavrion. Minerals Engineering, v. 8, p. 1443-1454 https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(95)00109-3
- Korte, N.E. and Fernando, Q. (1991) A review of arsenic(HI) in groundwater. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, v. 21, p. 1-39 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389109388408
- Kreiss, K., Zack, M.M., Feldman, R.G., Niles, C.A., Chir-ico-Post, J., Sax, D.S., Landrigan, P.J., Boyd, M.H. and Cox, D.H. (1983) Neurologic evaluation of a population exposed to arsenic in Alaskan well water. Archives of Environmental Health, v. 38, p. 116-121 https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1983.10543990
- Kurttio, P., Komulainen, H., Hakala, H. and Pekkanen, J. (1998) Urinary excretion of arsenic species after exposure to arsenic present in drinking water. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 34, p. 297-305 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900321
- Lazaro, I., Gonzalez, I., Cruz, R. and Monroy, M.G. (1997) Electrochemical study of orpiment (As2S3) and realgar (As2S2) in acidic medium. Journal. Electrochemical Society, v.144, p.4128-4132 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1838154
- Lin, T-H. and Huang, Y-L. (1998) Arsenic species in drinking water, hair, fingernails, and urine of patients with blackfoot disease. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 53, p. 85-93 https://doi.org/10.1080/009841098159376
- Manning, B.A., Fendorf, S.E. and Goldberg, S. (1998) Surface structures and stability of arsenic(III) on goethite: spectroscopic evidence for inner-sphere complexes. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, p. 2383-2388 https://doi.org/10.1021/es9802201
- Manning, B.A. and Martens, D.A. (1997) Speciation of arsenic(III) and As(V) in seidment extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, p. 171-177 https://doi.org/10.1021/es9602556
- Mariner, P.E., Holzmer, F.J., Jackson, R.E. and Meinardus, H.W. (1996) Effects of high pH on arsenic mobility in a shallow sandy aquifer and on aquifer permeability along the adjacent shoreline, Commencement Bay Superfund Site, Tacoma, Washington. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, p. 1645-1651 https://doi.org/10.1021/es9506420
- Masscheleyn, P.H., Delaune, R.D. and Patrick, Jr. W.H. (1991) Effect of redox potential and pH on arsenic speciation and solubility in a contaminated soil. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 25, p. 1414-1419 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00020a008
- Matisoff, G., Khourey, C.J., Hall, J.F., Varnes, A.W. and Strain, W.H. (1982) The nature and source of arsenic in northeastern Ohio ground water. Ground water, v. 20, p. 446-456 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb02765.x
- McGeehan, S.L. (1996) Arsenic sorption and redox reactions: relevance to transport and remediation. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, v. 31, p. 2319-2336 https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529609376493
- Mok, W.M. and Wai, C.M. (1994) Mobilization of arsenic in contaminated river waters. In Arsenic in the Environment Parti: Cycling andCcharacterization, Nriagu, J.O. (ed.), Wiley, New York, p. 99-118
- Mok, W.M. and Wai, C.M. (1990) Distribution and mobilization of arsenic species in the Coeur D'Alene River, Idaho. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 24, p. 102-108 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00071a012
- Morrison, G.M.R, Batley, G.E. and Florence, T.M. (1989) Metal speciation and toxicity. Chemistry of Britain, v. 25, p. 791
- Nesbitt, H.W., Muir, I.J. and Pratt, A.R. (1995) Oxidation of arsenopyrite by air and air-saturated, distilled water, and implication for mechanism of oxidation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 1773-1786 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00081-A
- Nicolli, H.B., Suriano, J.M., Gomez Peral, M.A., Ferpozzi, L.H. and Baleani, O.A. (1989) Groundwater contamination with arsenic and other trace elements in an area of the Pampa, Province of Cordoba, Argentina. Environmental geology and Water Science, v. 14, p. 3-16 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01740581
- Nordstrom, D.K. and Munoz, J.L. (1985) Geochemical Thermodynamics, p. 477
- Oscarson, D.W., Huang, P.M., Defosse, C. and Herbillo, A. (1981) Oxidative power of Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxides with respect to As(III) in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Nature, v. 291, p. 50-51 https://doi.org/10.1038/291050a0
- Pantsar-Kallio, M and Manninen, P.K.G. (1997) Speciation of mobile arsenic in soil samples as a function of pH. Science of the Total Environment, v. 204, p. 193-200 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00176-9
- Parks, G.A. (1967) Aqueous surface chemistry of oxides and complex oxide minerals. Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Water Systems. Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C, p. 121-160
- Peterson, M.L. and Carpenter, R. (1983) Biogeochemical processes affecting total arsenic and arsenic species distributions in an intermittently anoxic fjord. Marine Chemistry, v. 12, p. 295-321 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(83)90058-0
- Pierce, M.I. and Moore, C.B. (1980) Adsorption of ars-enite on amorphous iron hydroxide from dilute aqueous solution. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 14, p. 214-216 https://doi.org/10.1021/es60162a011
- Puttemans, F. and Massart, D.L., (1982) Solvent extraction procedures for the differential determination of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) species by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 141, p. 225 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)95326-7
- Richardson, S. and Vaughan, D.J. (1989) Arsenopyrite: a spectroscopic investigation of altered surfaces. Mineralogical Magazine, v. 53, p. 223-229 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.370.09
- Schaufelberger, F.A. (1994) Arsenic minerals formed at low temperatures. In Arsenic in the Environment Part I: Cycling and Characterization, Nriagu, J.O. (ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, p. 403-415
- Singer, P.C. and Stumm, W. (1970) Acid mine drainage: the rate-determining step. Science, v. 167, p. 1121-1123 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.167.3921.1121
- Smedley, P.L., Edmunds, W.M. and Pelig-Ba, K.B. (1996) Mobility of arsenic in groundwater in the Obuasi gold-moning area of Guana: some implications for human health. In Environmental Geochemistry and Health Appleton, J.D., Fuge, R., and McCall, G.J.H. (eds.). Geological Society Special Publication, No. 113, London, p. 163-181
- Smith, J.D. (1973) Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth. In Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry Volume 2, Pergamon Press, p. 580-683
- Soto, E.G., Rodriquez, E.A., Rodriquez, D.P. Mahia P.L., and Lorenzo, S.M. (1994) Extraction and speciation of inorganic arsenic in marine sediments. Science of the Total Environment, v. 141, p. 87-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90020-5
- Sun, X. and Doner H. (1998) Adsorption and oxidation of arsenite on goethite Soil Science, v. 163, p. 278-287 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199804000-00003
-
Takamatsu, T, Kawashima, M. and Koyama, M. (1985) The role of
$Mn^{2+}$ -rich hydrous manganese oxide in the accumulation of arsenic in lake sediments. Water Research, v. 19, p. 1029-1032 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90372-0 - Thornton, I. and Farago, M. (1997) The geochemistry of arsenic. In Arsenic: Exposure and Health Effects, p. 1-2
- Tseng, W.P. (1977) Effects and dose-response relationships of skin cancer and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 19, p. 109-119 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428460
- Wauchope, R.D. (1975) Fixation of arsenical herbicides phosphate, and arsenate in alluvial soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 4, p. 355-358 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1975.00472425000400030015x
- Webb, J.L. (1966) Enzyme and Metabolic Inhibitors, Vol. 3, Academic Press, New york, chap. 6
- Welch, A.H., Lico, M.S., and Hughes, J.L. (1988) Arsenic in ground water of the western United States. Ground Water, May-June, p. 333-347
- Whanger, P.D., Weswig, P.H., and Stoner, J.C. (1977) Arsenic levels in Oregon waters. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 19, p. 139-143 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428465
- Williams, M., Fordyce, F., Paijitprapapon, A. and Charoen-chaisri, P. (1996) Arsenic contamination in surface drainage and groundwater in part of die southeast Asian tin belt, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. Environmental Geology, v. 27, p. 16-33 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00770599