The KIPS Transactions:PartA (정보처리학회논문지A)

Korea Information Processing Society (한국정보처리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Dynamic Sweep Scheme Enabling Scheduling Period Expansions for Continuous Media Playback

연속매체 재연에 적합한 스케줄링 주기 확장을 허용하는 동적 Sweep 기법

  • Published : 2005.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With fast advances in computing power and network technologies, online streaming services of continuous media (CM) have been popularly implemented on the Web. To implement such services, a variety of CM streams need to be processed efficiently, so that the Sweep scheme was proposed. This scheme has several advantages such as hiccup-free playbacks and seek-time optimization. In this scheme, however, the entire CM streams are scheduled with a single scheduling period, called a cycle. Since only one scheduling period is allowed in this scheme, a significant amount of disk time is usually wasted because of its inflexible disk schedules. To solve this, we propose a new dynamic Sweep scheme. For this, we devise an algorithm that is able to expand scheduling periods of serviced CM streams and propose a new admission control mechanism guaranteeing hiccup-free playbacks. To show performance gains, we execute various simulation experiments. From the experimental results, we can see that the proposed scheme outperforms the Sweep scheme in terms of disk utilization and scheduling flexibility.

컴퓨터 성능 및 네트워크 기술의 발전으로 웹 상에서 연속매체(Continuous Media: CM)의 온라인 스트리밍(streaming) 서비스가 일반화 되었다. 이런 서비스를 위해서는 다양한 종류의 CM 스트림을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있어야 하며 이를 위해 Sweep 기법이 연구되었다. 이 기법은 끊김현상 없이 스트리밍 서비스를 할 수 있고 탐색지연 시간을 최적화 할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 서비스 하고 있는 스트림의 스케줄링 주기를 사이클이라고 하는 단일한 크기로 맞춰야 하기 때문에 스케줄링의 유연성이 떨어지며, 이로 인해 발생하는 디스크 대역폭의 낭비가 매우 커질 수 있다는 문제를 가지고 있다. 논문에서는 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 CM 스트림의 스케줄링 주기를 동적으로 확장할 수 있는 기법을 연구하며, 이 기법에 적합한 새로운 승인제어 방식을 이용하여 끊김현상을 막는다. 논문에서는 제안된 기법의 성능상의 우수성을 보이기 위해 모의실험이 수행되었으며, 모의실험 결과를 통해 제안된 동적 Sweep 기법이 디스크 이용효율과 스케줄링 유연성의 측면에서 기존 Sweep 기법에 비해 우수한 특성이 있음을 알 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. William I. Grosky. 'Multimedia Information Systems,' IEEE Multimedia, Vol.1, No.1, pp.12-24, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/93.295262
  2. Marshall K. McKusick, William N. Joy, Samuel J. Leffler, and Robert S. Fabry. 'A Fast File System for UNIX,' ACM Trans. on Computer Systems, Vol.2, No.3, pp.181-197, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1145/989.990
  3. D. James Gemmell, Harrick M. Vin, Dilip D. Kandlur, and P. Venkat Rangan. 'Multimedia Storage Servers: A Tutorial and Survey,' IEEE Computer, Vol.28, No.5, pp.40-49, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/2.384117
  4. R. Wijayaratne and N. Reddy. 'Integrated QoS Management for Disk I/O,' In Proc. of the IEEE Multimedia Systems, pp.487-492, June, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.779250
  5. Roger L. Haskin. 'Tiger Shark-a Scalable File System for Multimedia,' IBM Journal, Vol.42, No.2, pp.185-197, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.422.0185
  6. Doron Rotem and J. Leon Zhao. 'Buffer Management for Video Database Systems,' In Proc. of the IEEE IntI. Conference on Data Engineering, pp.439-447, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE.1995.380353
  7. J. Aerts, J. Korst, and S. Egner. Random Duplicate Storage Strategies for Load Balancing in Multimedia Servers. Technical report, NL-MS 20.314, 2000
  8. S. Ghandeharizadeh and R. Muntz. 'Design and Implementation of Scalable Continuous Media Servers,' Parallel Computing Journal, pp.91-122, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8191(97)00118-X
  9. Huang- Jen Chen and Thomas D.C. Little. 'Storage allocation policies for time-dependent multimedia data,' IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.8, No.5, pp.855-864, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/69.542035
  10. O. Ertug, M. Kallahalla, and P. J. Varman. 'Real-Time Parallel Disk Scheduling for VBR Video Servers,' In Proc. of the Fifth Intl. Conference on Computer Science and Informatics, February, 2000
  11. Jose R. Snatos and Richard Muntz. 'Performance Analysis of the RIO Multimedia Storage Systems with Heterogeneous Disk Configurations,' In Proc. of the ACM Intl. Conference on Multimedia, pp.303-308, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1145/290747.290786
  12. A Ermedahl, H. Hansson, and M. Sjodin. 'Response-Time Guarantees for ATM Networks,' In Proc. of the 18'th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp.274-284, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1997.641289
  13. M. Welsh, A. Basu, and T. Von Eicken. 'ATM and Fast Ethernet Network Interfaces for User-level Communication,' In Proc. of the Third IntI. Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture, pp.332-342, February, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/HPCA.1997.569697
  14. S. McCanne et al. 'Toward a Common Infrastructure for Multimedia-Networking Middleware,' In Proc. of NOSS-DAV, pp.39-49, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/NOSDAV.1997.629353
  15. Lixin Gao and Don Towsley. 'Supplying Instantaneous Video-on-Demand Services Using Controlled Multicast,' In Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Multimedia Computing and ..... , pp.117-121, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778179
  16. R. K. Abbott and H. Garcia-Molina. 'Scheduling I/O Requests with Deadlines: A Performance Evaluation,' In Proc. of the Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp.113-125, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1990.128736
  17. P. Venkat Rangan and Harrick M. Vin. 'Efficient Storage Techniques for Digital Continuous Multimedia,' IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.5, No.4, pp.567-573, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1109/69.234769
  18. Edward Y. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina. 'Effective Memory Use in a Media Server,' In Proc. of the Intl. Conference on Very Large Databases, pp.496-505, 1997
  19. D. Kandlur M. Chen and P. Yu. 'Optimization of Grouped Sweeping Scheduling (GSS) with Heterogeneous Multimedia Systems,' In Proc. of the ACM Multimedia, pp.235-242, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1145/166266.166293
  20. P.S. Yu, M.S. Chen, and D.D. Kandlur. 'Grouped Sweeping Scheduling for DASD-based Multimedia Storage Management,' ACM Multimedia Systems, Vol.1, No.2, pp.99-109, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01213198
  21. A.L.N. Reddy and J.C. Wyllie. 'I/O Issues in a Multimedia System,' IEEE Computer, Vol.27, No.3, pp.69-74, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/2.268888
  22. Sungchae Lim and MyoungHo Kim. 'Real-time Disk Scanning for Timely Retrieval of Continuous Media Objects,' Information and Software Technology, Vol.45, No.9, pp.547-558, June, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(02)00212-4
  23. Ray-I Chang, Wei-Kuan Shih, and Ruei-Chuan Chang. 'Real-Time Disk Scheduling for Multimedia Applications with Deadline-Modification-Scan Scheme,' Real-Time Systems, Vol.19, No.2, pp.149-168, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008192415994
  24. C. Ruemmler and J. Wilkes. 'An Introduction to Disk Modeling,' IEEE Computer, Vol.27, No.3, pp.17-28, March, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/2.268881
  25. Yen-Jen Qyang. 'A Tight Upper Bound of the Lumped Disk Seek Time for the SCAN Disk Scheduling Policy,' Information Processing Letters, Vol.54, No.6, pp.323-329, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(95)00055-H
  26. C.L. Liu and J.W. Layland. 'Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real-Time Environment,' Journal of the ACM, Vol.20, No.1, pp.46-61, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1145/321738.321743
  27. IBM.IBM Disk Drive Specifications. Http://www.storage.ibm.com, 2002