DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

PCBs concentration patterns in Korean and Canadan cheese

한국과 캐나다산 치즈중 PCBs의 농도 특성

  • Chun, Man-Young (Department of Environmental Engineering, Hankyeng National University) ;
  • Kim, Tea-Wook (Department of Environmental Engineering, Hankyeng National University) ;
  • Ikonomou, Michael G. (Institute of Ocean Scieneces)
  • 천만영 (한경대학교 이공대학 환경공학과) ;
  • 김태욱 (한경대학교 이공대학 환경공학과) ;
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

All 209 PCB congeners were analyzed in cheese produced in Korea and Canada. 5 Korean and 10 Canadian cheeses were purchased in supermarket in their native countries. 93 PCB congeners were found in Korean cheese; 83 congeners were detected in Canadian cheese. Total PCB concentrations were 299.81 and 200.96 pg/g w.w. in Korean and Canadian cheeses respectively; PCB concentration was 1.5 times higher in Korean than Canadian cheese. Korean TEQ concentration (0.0067 pg-TEQ/g w.w.) in cheese was similar to in Canadian cheese (0.0064 pg-TEQ/g w.w.). These PCB concentrations range was low level compared with that of other cheeses globally. The correlation coefficient $(R^2)$ of regression was high (0.752) between each PCB congener concentration in both Korean and Canadian cheese.

한국과 캐나다에서 생산된 우유로 제조된 치즈를 슈퍼마켓에서 구매하여(한국 5종, 캐나다 10종) 치즈에 포함된 총 209 PCBs congener 농도와 homologue별 농도 양상을 연구하였다. 한국과 캐나다산 치즈중 PCBs 총농도는 각각 299.81과 200.96(pg/g w.w.)으로 한국산 치즈중 PCBs 농도가 캐나다산 치즈보다 1.5배 더 높았다. 그러나 TEQ 농도는 한국산과 캐나다산이 각각 0.0067과 0.0064(pg-TEQ/g w.w.)으로 거의 같았으며, PCDD/Fs는 전혀 검출이 되지 않았다. 한국과 캐나다산 치즈에서 검출된 PCBs와 PCDD/Fs 농도는 세계 다른 지역에서 제조된 치즈중 농도보다 훨씬 낮았다. 두 나라의 치즈에서 검출된 PCBs congener수는 한국산이 93종, 캐나다산이 83종으로 한국산 치즈에서 10종 더 많은 PCBs congener가 검출되었다. 두 나라 치즈중 각 PCBs congener 농도에서 구한 회귀직선의 결정계수$(R^2)$는 0.752로 상관성이 커서 두 나라의 PCBs 발생원이 유사함을 알 수 있었고, 각 homologue별 농도 분포도 유사성이 컸다.

Keywords

References

  1. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y., Kim, T.W. and Sunwoo, Y. (2002) Temperature Dependence of PCBs in Urban Area of Seoul City, J. of Kor. Sad. for Atmos. Environ, 18(3), 193-204
  2. Kim, T.W., Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K. and Chun, M.Y. (2001) The Characteristics of PCBs Deposition on Plants, Korean J. of Environ. Agric. 20(2), 99-107
  3. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K, Chun, M.Y. and Sunwoo, Y. (2002) Source Characteristics in Using Temperature Dependence of Atmospheric PCBs at Urban and Rural Area, J. of Kor. Soci. of Environ. Engi. 24(5), 813-825
  4. Papadopoulos, A, Vassilisdou, I., Costopoulou, D., Papanicolaou, C. and Leondiadis, L. (2004) Levels of Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food samples on the Greek market, Chemosphere 57(5), 413-419 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.006
  5. Focant, J.K., Eppe, G., Pirard, C., Massart, A.C., Andre, J.E. and Pauw, E.D. (2002) Levels and congener distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and nonortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs Assessment of dietary intake, Chemosphere 48(2), 167-179 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00104-2
  6. Korea Diary Industries Association, Statistics (www. koreadia.or.kr), 2004, 12, Korea
  7. Welsch-Pausch, K., McLachlan, M.S. and Umlauf, G. (1995) Determination of the Principal Pathways of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans to Ldium multiflorum (Rye Grass), Environ. Sci. Technol. 29(4), 1090-1098 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00004a031
  8. Barber, J.L., Thomas, G.O., Bailley, R., Kersteins, G. and Jones, K.C. (2004) Exchange of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs) between Air and Mixed Pasture Sward, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(14), 3892-3900 https://doi.org/10.1021/es035428n
  9. Hirai, Y., Sakai, S.I., Watanabe, N. and Takatsuki, H. (2004) Congener-specific intake fractions for PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs: modeling and validation, Chemoshere 54(10), 1383-1400 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.011
  10. Ikonomou. M.G, Fraser, T.L., Crewe, N.F., Fischer, M.B., Rogers, I.H., Sather, P.J. and Lamb, RF. (2001) A Comprehensive Multiresidue Ultra-Trace Analytical Method, Based on HRGC/HRMS, for the Determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, PBDEs, PCDEs, and Organochlorine Pesticides in Six Different Environmental Matrices. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2389
  11. Aries, E., Anderson, D.A, Ordsmith, N., Hall, K and Fisher, R. (2004) Development and validation of a method for analysis of 'dioxin-like' PCBs in environmrntal samples from the steel industry, Chemosphere 54(1), 23-31 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00762-8
  12. Komp, P. and McLachlan, M.S. (1997) Interspecies Variability of the Plant/Air Partitioning of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31(10), 2944-2948 https://doi.org/10.1021/es970141+
  13. McLachlan, M. (1996) Bioaccumulationof Hydrophobic Chemicals in Agricultural Food Chains, Environ. Sci. Technol. 30(1), 252-259 https://doi.org/10.1021/es9502738
  14. Komp, P. and McLachlan, M.S, (1997) Influence of Temperature on the Plant/Air Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31(10), 886-890 https://doi.org/10.1021/es960590u
  15. Mackay, D., Wan, Y.S. and Kuo, C.M. (1992) Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Lewis Publisher
  16. Harner, T. and Bidleman, T.F. (1998) Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient for Describing Particle/Gas Partitioning of Aromatic Compounds in Urban Air, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(10), 1494-1502 https://doi.org/10.1021/es970890r
  17. Hanari, N., Karman, K., Horii, Y., Taniyasu, S., Yamashita, N., Jude, D.J., and Berg, M.B. (2004) Polychronated Naphthalenes and Polychronated Biphenyls in Benthic Organisms of a Great Lakes Food Chain, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 47, 84-93
  18. Thomas, G.O., Swweetrnan, A.J., Lohmann, Rand Jones, K.C. (1998) Deviation and Field Testing of Air-Milk and Feed-Milk Transfer Factors for PCBs, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(22), 3522-3528 https://doi.org/10.1021/es980465d
  19. Hoff, R.M., Brice, K.A. and Halsall, C.J. (1998) Nonlinearity in the Slopes of Clauius-Clapeyron Plots for SVOCs, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(12), 17931798
  20. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y., Kim, T.W. and Sunwoo, Y. (2002) Estimation of Bio-Monitoring for PCBs Concentration in Air Using Plant, J. of Kor. Soci. for Atmos. Environ. 18(4), 265-274
  21. Lee, R.G.M., Hung, H., Mackay, D. and Jones, K.C. (1998) Measurement and Modeling of the Diurnal Cycling of Atmospheric PCBs and PAHs, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(14), 2172-2179 https://doi.org/10.1021/es980028z
  22. Lee, R.G.M. and Jones, K.C. (1998) The Influence of Meteorology and Air Masses on Daily Atmospheric PCB and PAH Concentrations at a UK Location, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33(5), 705-712 https://doi.org/10.1021/es980600m
  23. Jones, K.C., Sanders, G., Wild, S.R., Burnett, V. and Johnston, A.E. (1992) Evidence for a decline of PCBs and PAHs in rural vegetation and air in the United Kingdom, Nature 356, 137-140 https://doi.org/10.1038/356137a0
  24. Kaupp, H. and McLachlan, M.S. (1999) Gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs and PAHs, Chemosphere 38(14), 3411-3421 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00554-2
  25. Kaupp, H. and McLachlan, M.S. (1999) PCBs in the atmosphere of Korea, Atmos. Environ. 37(25), 3561-3570 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00361-3
  26. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y. and Sunwoo, Y. (2002) The Distribution Characteristics of Poly-chlorinated Biphenyls in Rural Atmosphere, J. of Kor. Soci. for Atmos. Environ. 18(E3), 143-151
  27. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y. and Sunwoo, Y. (2003) Air-Soil Partitioning of PCBs in Rural Area, J. of Kor. Soci. for Atmos. Environ. 19(E1), 143-151
  28. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y, Kim, T.W., Cho, K.C. and Sunwoo, Y. (2004) Concentration Characteristics of Atmospheric PCBs for urban and rural area, Korea, Sci. of the Total Environ. 324, 261-270 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.031
  29. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y. and Sunwoo, Y. (2003) Concentration distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides and their relationship with temperature in rural air of Korea, Atmos. Environ. 37(27), 3831-3839 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00456-4
  30. Yeo, H.G., Choi, M.K., Chun, M.Y. and Sunwoo, Y. (2004) Gas/particle concentration and partitioning of PCBs in the atmosphere of Korea, Atmospheric Environment 37(25), 3561-357 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00361-3