Quality characteristics of Traditional Kochujang added with concentrations of Korean various grain

한국산 잡곡류 첨가에 따른 전통고추장의 품질특성

  • 김윤성 (청강문화산업대학 푸드스타일리스트과) ;
  • 황수정 (청강문화산업대학 푸드스타일리스트과)
  • Published : 2005.10.31

Abstract

This study investigated the changes in physicochemical characteristics after 120 days of aging Korean red pepper paste, 'Kochujang', made of minor cereals in substitution for glutinous rice which has been conventionally used as starch source. The cereals used were waxy job's tears, proso millet, sorghum, barley and foxtail millet, Glutinous rice with barley was used as controls. The items determined were water activity, pH, content of amino nitrogen, chromaticity and sensory test. 1. The water activities(Aw) of Kochujang samples were in range of $0.72{\sim}0.82$ at the beginning of fermentation, with Aw barley paste bing the lowest, and Aw of sorghum paste bing the highest. Then Aw were slowly decreased to the range of $0.49{\sim}0.50$ during 120 days of fermentation 2. The pH of the pastes was in range of $4.94{\sim}5.02$ at the initial time of fermentation, and decreased steadily to 4.32{\sim}4.73 at the end. 3. The content of amino nitrogen was in range of $330.9{\sim}340.7\;mg%$ at the early time of fermentation. The highest content, $351{\sim}381\;mg%$, was observed at the 90th day of aging of glutinous rice paste, 105th day of job's tears paste, 75th day each of barley and proso millet, and 60th day each of sorghum and foxtail millet. 4. The Hunter tristimulus values (L, a, b) of all pastes were gradually decreased during fermentation. The value of barley paste was lowest among the pastes. 5. The texture of barley paste in sensory test showed significant difference with other pastes, whereas there were no differences in color, odor, taste and sensory qualities.

찹쌀, 찰율무, 찰보리, 차조, 찰기장, 차수수 등의 전분질 원료가 다른 잡곡으로 재래식 고추장을 제조 한 후 경과기간에 따른 이화학적 특성의 변화를 규명하기 위하여 120일간 자연 숙성시키면서 고추장의 품질변화를 측정하였다. 숙성기간에 따라 수분활성도, pH, 아미노태 질소, 색도, 관능검사(점도, 색, 냄새, 맛) 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분활성도의 경우 모두 담금 초기 $0.72{\sim}0.82$ 정도로 찰보리고추장이 가장 낮았고, 차수수고추장이 가장 높았으며, 숙성 120일까지 서서히 감소하여 $0.49{\sim}0.50$에 도달하였다. 2. 고추장의 pH는 담금 초기에 $4.94{\sim}5.02$였으며 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 감소하여 pH $4.32{\sim}4.37$으로 낮아졌다. 3. 고추장의 아미노태질소 함량은 담금 초기엔 $330.9{\sim}340.7\;mg%$로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 숙성기간으로 보면 찹쌀고추장은 숙성 90일, 찰율무 고추장은 숙성 105일, 찰보리고추장과 찰기장 고추장은 숙성 75일, 차수수 고추장과 차조 고추장은 숙성 60일 후 $351{\sim}381\;mg%$의 최고치를 보였다. 4. 고추장의 색도는 숙성 중 lightness, redness 및 yellowness가 모두 감소하였는데 찰보리고추장이 다른 고추장에 비해서 가장 색도면에서 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 관능건사 결과 점도에서만 찰보리고추장과 다른 고추장 사이에 유의차가 있었고, 색, 향기, 맛은 유의차가 없어 전체적으로 전분질 원료에 따른 품질의 차이는 없었으며 Hunter a값은 육안으로 판정한 주관적 평가의 순위와 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김영수. 1992. 식품학개론. 수학사. 서울. 182-183
  2. 류기형. 2002. 쌀의 여행. 효일출판사. 서울. p 108-114
  3. 민경찬. 2004. 필수식품미생물학. 광문각 98-103
  4. 유태종, 홍재훈, 김영배, 이 호, 김영애, 황한준, 소명환, 이효구. 1998. 최신식품미생물학. 문운당. 서울. pp120-122
  5. 윤숙자. 2001. 한국의 저장.발효음식. 신광출판사. 서울. pp 237
  6. 이갑상. 1980. 고추성분이 국균의성장 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 박사학위논문. 경희대학교. p 112
  7. 장소영. 1997. 전통고추장의 종류별 품질특성에 관한 비교연구, 석사학위논문. 고려대학교. p 20-21
  8. 현영희. 2000. 식품재료학. 형설출판사. 서울. p 47-56
  9. A.O.A.C. 1990. Official method of Analysis, 15th ed., The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C
  10. Cho HO, Kim JG, Lee HJ, Kang JH, Lee TS. 1981. Brewing method and composition of traditional Kochuzang (Red Pepper Paste) in Junrabook-do area. J. Korean Agricultural chemical Socity, 24(1):21-29
  11. Cho HO, Park SA, Kim JG. 1981. Effect of traditional and improved Kochujang Koji on the quality improvement of traditional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 13(4): 319-328
  12. Chun MS, LeeTS, Noh BS. 1992. Effect of ganrrna irradiation on quality of Kochujang during storage. Foods Biotechnol. 1: 117-122
  13. Jung SW, Kim YH, Koo MS, Shin DB. 1994. Changes in physicochemical properties of industry-type Kochujang during storage. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 26:403-410
  14. Kim DH, Ann BY, Park BH. 2003. Effect of Lyciurn chinense fruit on the physicochemical properties of Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 35(3):461-469
  15. Kim DH. Kwon YM. 2001. Effect of storage choditions on the Microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics of traditional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 33(5): 589-595
  16. Kim GT, Hwang YI, Lim SI, Lee DS. 2000. Carbon dioxied production and quality changesin Korean fermented soybean paste and hot pepper-soybean paste. J. Korean Soc. Food Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 29:807-813
  17. Kim JO, Lee KH. 1994. Effect of temperature on color and color-preference of industry-produced Kochujang druing storage. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 23(4):641-646
  18. Kim MS, Ahn EY, Ahn YS, Shin DH. 2000. Characteristics change of Kochujang by heat treatment. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 32: 867-874
  19. Kim YS, Kwon DJ, Koo MS, Oh HI, Kang TS. 1993. Changes in Microflora and Enzyme activities of Traditional Kochujang during fermentation. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 25(5):502-509
  20. Kim YS, Park YS, Lim MH. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume and Schizandra chinenis H-20 extracts and their effects on quality of functional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 35(5):893-897
  21. Kim YS, Song GS. 2002. Characteristics of Kiwifruit-added traditional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 34(6): 1091-1097
  22. Kim YS. 1993. Studies on the changes in physicochemical characteristics and volatile flavor compounds of traditional Kochujang during fermentation. ph thesis, University of King Sejong, Seoul, Korea
  23. Kwon DJ. 2004. Quality improvenent of Kochujang using Cordyeps sp. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 36(1):81-85
  24. Kwon YM, Kim DH. 2002. Effects of sea tangle and chitosan on the physi cochemical properties of traditional Kochujang. J. Korean. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 31(6):977-985 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.6.977
  25. Lee KH, Lee MS, Park SO. 1976. Studies on the Microflora and Enzymes influencing on Korea Native Kochuzang(red pepper soybean paste) aging. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 19(2):82-89
  26. Lee KY, Kim HS, Lee HG, Han O, Chang UJ. 1997. Studies on the prediction of the shelf-life of Kochujang through the Physico-chemical and sensory analyses during storage. J. Korean Soc. Food Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 26:588-594
  27. Moon TW, Kim ZU. 1998. Some chemical physical characteristics and acceptability of Kochujang from various starch sources. J. Korean Agric. Chem. Soc. 31:387-393
  28. Park WP. 1994. Quality changes of Kochujang made of rice flour and rice starch syrup during aging. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 26(1):23-25
  29. SAS. 1990. Institute, Inc. SAS Use's Guide. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA
  30. Shin DB, Park WM, Yi OS, Koo MS, Chung KS. 1994. Effect of storage temperature on the physicochemical characteristics in Koclmjang(Red pepper soybean paste). Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 26(3):300-304
  31. Shin DH, Kim DH, Choi U, Lim MS, An EY. 1997. Physicochemical characteristics of traditional Kochujang prepared with various raw materials. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 29: 907-912