Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Testing of Some New Compounds Incorporating 5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) as Potential Prodrugs

  • Published : 2005.06.01

Abstract

This work includes the synthesis of 15 final compounds (6a-h and 7b-h) as prod rugs of 5-ASA in the form of the acid itself, esters and amides linked by an amide linkage through a spacer to the endocyclic ring N of nicotinamide. Also, 15 new intermediate compounds were prepared. The target compounds (6b, 6f, 7b, and 7e-h) revealed potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in comparison to sulfasalazine and 5-ASA. In addition, ulcerogenicity, $LD_{50}$, in vivo and in vitro metabolism of compound 7f were determined.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdel-Alim, A. M., Abdel-Kader, M. A., and El-Kossi, A. A., Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of certain new N, N'-Oxamides. Pharmazie, 35(H. 7), 394-398 (1980)
  2. Abu Shamate M., The role of the gastrointestinal microflora in the metabolism of drugs. Int. J. Pharm., 97, 1-13 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(93)90121-U
  3. Atlas, R. M., 'Handbook of Microbiological Media', 2nd ed., Lawrence C. Parks editor, 1996, CRC press, New York, pp.194, 99, 363
  4. Conant J. B., Lutz R. F., and Corson B. B., 'Organic Synthesis', 2d edn., Ed. By Blatt, A. H. and Gilman, H.;Collective Volume I (1941), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 49-51
  5. Bodor, N. and Abdel Alim, A. M., Improved delivery through biological membranes. XIX: novel redox carriers for brainspecific chemical delivery systems. J. Pharm. Sci., 74(3), 241-245 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600740304
  6. Bodor, N. and Farag, H. H., Improved delivery through biological membranes. XIV: brain-specific, sustained delivery of testosterone using a redox chemical delivery system. J. Pharm. Sci., 73(3), 385-389 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600730324
  7. Borne, R. F., 'Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs', In 'Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry', 5th ed., (T. L. Lemke, and D. A. Williams; eds) 2002, Alea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 751-793
  8. Brown, J. P., McGarraugh, G. V., Parkinson, T. M., Wingard R. E., and Onderdonk, B., A polymeric drug for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J. Med. Chem., 26, 1300-1307 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00363a015
  9. Chan, R. P., Pope, D. J., Gilbert, A. P., and Sacra, P. J., Baron, J. H., and Lennard-Jones J. E., Studies of two novel sulfasalazine analogs, ipsalazide and balsalazide. Dig. Dis. Sci., 28(7), 609-615 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01299921
  10. Coates, L. V., Drain, D. L., Kerridge, K. A., Macrae, F. J., and Tattersal, K., Preparation and antifungal activity of some salicylic acid derivatives. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 9, 855-862 (1957); through Chem. Abstr. 52, 8087h (1958) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1957.tb12347.x
  11. Davaran, S., Hanee, J., and Khosravi, A., Release of 5- aminosalicylic acid from acrylic type polymeric prodrugs designed for colon-specific drug delivery. J. Controlled Release, 58(3), 279-287 (1999); through Chem. Abstr., 131, 63362p (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(98)00167-9
  12. Duffy, J. C., Dearden, J. C., and Rostron, C., Design, synthesis and biological testing of a novel series of anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 53, 1505-514 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011778043
  13. Eddy, N. B. and Leimback, D., Synthetic analgesics II. Dithienylbutenyl and dithienylbutylamines. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 107, 385-393 (1953)
  14. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G., and Tatchell, A. R. (eds.), 'Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry' 5th edn., (1989), El BS with Longman, U.K., p. 952
  15. Hans, K. and Josef, K., Novel salicylic acid salt. DE 3340028 (1985-05-15)
  16. Hoult, J. R. S. and Dage, H., 5-Aminosalicylic acid, a co-factor for colonic prostacyclin synthesis? The Lancet, 2, 255 (1981) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)90502-X
  17. Jensen, K. A. and Linholt, S. C., Some substituted amides of salicylic acid. Acta Chemica Scand., 3, 205-206 (1949) https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.03-0205
  18. Jones, H., Fordice, M. W., Greenwald, R. B., Hannah, J., Jacobs A., Ruyle, W. V., Walford, G. L., and Shen, T. Y., Synthesis and analgesic-antiinflammatory activity of some 4- and 5-substituted heteroarylsalicylic acids. J. Med. Chem., 21, 1100-1104 (1978) https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00209a002
  19. Jorgensen, A. P., Hvidovre and Torkil M., Benzoic acid derivatives and use thereof. US Pat. Appl. No., U.S. 4, 933, 330 (1990)
  20. Jorgensen, A. P. and Monne T., Aminosalicylic acid derivatives for the treatment of psoriasis, Eur. Pat. Appl. No., EP 291,159 (1988); through Chem. Abstr., 111, 102720n (1989)
  21. Jung, Y. J., Lee, J. S., and Kim, Y. M., Synthesis and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of 5-aminosalicyl-glycine as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Pharm. Sci., 89(5), 594-602 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6017(200005)89:5<594::AID-JPS5>3.0.CO;2-8
  22. Margaretha, O. and Franciscus, H. R., Use of 5-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of dermatological disordes. Eur. Pat. Appl. No., EP 0352826 (1990)
  23. Moller, N. L., Diet Zel, K. E., Schneider, H. T., and Brune, K., Novel 5-aminosalicylic acid NSAID conjugates: synthesis; pharmacological and toxicological properties. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 24, 463-469 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(89)90048-2
  24. Orlikovs, G., Medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and similar diseases. Latv. Pat. Appl. No., LV 12, 370, 20, 2000; through Chem. Abstr., 134, 173026b (2001)
  25. Phelan, M. J. and Bodor, N., Improved delivery through biological membranes. XXXVII. synthesis and stability of novel redox derivatives of naproxen and indomethacin. Pharm. Res., 6(8), 667-676 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015930220855
  26. Peppercorn, M. A. and Goldman, P., The role of intestinal bacteria in the metabolism of salicylazosulfapyridine. J. Phamacol. Exp. Ther., 181, 555-562 (1972)
  27. Rokos, H., Konczak, H., and Forth, W., 5-Aminosalicylic acid-Osulfates of physiologically acceptable bases, process for the preparation thereof and drugs containing same. US Pat. Appl. No., US 4, 837, 229 (1989)
  28. Shen, T. Y., Walford, G. L., Witzel, B. E., and Jones, H., Treatment of inflammation. US Pat. Appl. No., US 3, 632, 760 (1972)
  29. Singh, I. P., Gurtu, S., Kumar, A., Sinha, J. N., Bhargava, P., and Shanker, K., Anti-inflammatory activities of compounds derived from salicylic and benzoic acids. Arch. Pharm. (weinheim, Ger.), 317, 609-614 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.19843170707
  30. Sztaricskai, F., Takacs, I. E., Pusztai, F., Szabo, G., and Csipo I., Antiulcer effect of the N- and O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosides of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem., 332, 321-326 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4184(19999)332:9<321::AID-ARDP321>3.0.CO;2-A
  31. Thomson, G. T. D., Thomson, B. R. J., Thomson, K. S., Ducharne, J. S., and Ducharne J. S., Clinical efficacy of mesalamine in the treatment of the spondyloarthropathies, J. Rheumatol., 27(3) 714 (2000); through Chem. Abstr., 132, 231684m (2000)
  32. Truelove, J., Bawarshi-Nassar, R., Chen, N. R., and Hassain, A., Solubility enhancement of some developmental anticancer nucloside analogs by complexation with nicotinamide. Int. J. Pharm., 19, 17-25 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(84)90128-5
  33. Way, E. L., Takemori, A. E., Smith, G. E., Anderson, H. H., and Brodie, D. C., The toxicity and analgetic activity of some congeners of salicylamide. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 108, 450-460 (1953)
  34. Willoughby, C. P., Aronson, J. R., Agback, H., Bodin, N. O., and Truelove, S. C., Distribution and metabolism in healthy volunteers of disodium azodisalicylate, a potential therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis. Gut, 23, 1081-1087 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.23.12.1081
  35. Winter, C. A., Risley, E. A., and Nuss, G. W., Carrageenininduced oedema in the hind paw of rat as an assay for antiinflammatory activity. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Ther., 111, 544-547 (1962) https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-111-27849