DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of Environmental Pollution for Streams of Andong City in Gyeongbuk Province Using Invertebrate Biomarker and Chemical Residual Analysis

무척추동물 생체지표와 화학잔류량 분석을 통한 경북 안동지역내 하천들의 환경오염 평가

  • Ryoo Keon-Sang (Department of Applied Chemistry, Andong National University) ;
  • Choi Jong-Ha (Department of Applied Chemistry, Andong National University) ;
  • Kim Young-Gyun (School of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Cho Sung-Hwan (School of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Lee Hwa-Sung (Gyeongbuk Government Public Institute Health & Environment)
  • Published : 2005.06.01

Abstract

Samples of water, soil, and sediment were taken from 10 streams of Andong city in Gyeongbuk province in October 2004. To assess the degree of environmental pollution for each stream site, the chemical analyses of pollutants such as T-N, T-P, COD, heavy metal, organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides, and dioxin-like PCB congeners were implemented using the standard process tests or the U. S. EPA methods. In addition, biological assessment using insect immune biomarkers was conducted on the same environmental samples to complement the chemical assessment. Except Waya stream (T-N; 2.91 mg/L, T-P; 0.16 mg/L, COD; 14.0 mg/L) with above the environmental quality standards, the T-P and COD concentrations of 9 sites are relatively low. The contents of Pb and Cd in samples taken from each stream were much lower than environmental quality standards. However, in comparison with soil samples of other streams, several times higher concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in locations at Mi, Gilan, Yeonha, and Waya stream sites. Dementon-S-methyl, diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate compounds among organophosphorous pesticides were detected as concentrations of ppb levels, respectively, from soil samples collected in the vicinity of Gilan, Mi, Norim, and Waya stream. On the other hand, 16 organochlorine pesticides and 12 dioxin-like PCB congeners selected in this study were not found in all samples. In particular, considering significant disrupting effects of Waya stream's samples on insect immune capacity, this stream seems to be contaminated with investigated and/or univestigated pollutants in this study.

Keywords

References

  1. Craig, D. A., 1990, Behavioural hydrodynamics of Cloeon dipterum larvae (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), J. NABS. 9, 346-357
  2. Kawai, K. and K. Konishi, 1986, Fundamental studies on chironomid allergy I. Culture methods of some Japanese chironomids (Chironomidae, Diptera), Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool., 37, 47-57 https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.47
  3. Lee, S. J., Y. J. Bae, I. B. Yoon and N. C. Watanabe, 1999, Comparisons of temperature-related life histories in two ephemerid mayflies (Ephemera separigata and E. s trigata: Ephemeridae, Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from a mountain stream in Korea, Korean J. Limnol., 32, 253-260
  4. Ward, J. V., 1992, Aquatic Insect Ecology. 1. Biology and habitat, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y., 438pp
  5. Wiederholm, T., 1983, The larvae of Chirono-midae of the holarctic region keys and diagnoses, Ent. Scand. Suppl., 19, 1-457
  6. 김용균, 신진섭, 조기종, 2004, 무척추동물 내분비계 교란-내분비론, 실내분석 및 현장평가, 정행사, 5pp
  7. 동화기술 편집부, 2003, 수질오염.폐기물.토양오염 공정시험방법, 동화기술, 14-691
  8. Keith, J. H., 1996, Compilation of EPA's, U.S. EPA Method 8080, CRC Press: New York, U.S.A., 97pp
  9. Stanley, D. W., 2000, Eicosanoids in invertebrate signal transduction systems, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 277pp
  10. Gillespie, J. P. and M. R. Kanost, 1997, Biological mediators of insect immunity, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42, 611-643 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.611
  11. 김용균, 유건상, 배연재, 이성규, 이시혁, 이준호, 조기종, 2005, 환경오염물질과 무척추동물 생체지표, 정행사, (출판중)
  12. Ryoo, K. S., S. O. Ko, Y. P. Hong, J. H. Choi, S. Cho, Y. Kim and Y. J. Bae, 2005, Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in Korean river sediments and their detection by biomarkers, Chemosphere 50, (In press)
  13. Park, Y. and Y. Kim, 2000, Eicosanoids rescue Spodoptera exigua infected with Xenorhabdus nematophila, the symbiotic bacteria to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinerenema carpocapsae, J. Insect Physiol, 46, 1469-1476 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00071-8
  14. Park, Y. and Y. Kim, 2003, Xenorhabdus ne-matophilus inhibits p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB)-sensitive $PLA_{2}$ of Spodopetra exigua, Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 54, 134-142 https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.10108
  15. 정 용, 1997, 최신 환경과학, 지구문화사, 419pp
  16. Erickson, M. D., 1997, Analytical Chemistry of PCBs; CRC Press-Lewis Publishers, New York, U. S. A, 34-45
  17. Safe, S. and C. Harris, 1989, Validation of the AHH Induction Bioassay for the Determination of 2, 3, 7, 8- TCDD Toxic Equivalents, Chemosphere, 18(1-6), 942-946
  18. Safe, S., 1998, Limitations of the toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of TCDD and related compounds, Terat. Carcin. Mut., 17, 285-304
  19. Lavine, M. D. and M. R. Strand, 2002, Insect hemocytes and their role in cellular immunity responses, Insect Biochem. Mol. BioI. 32, 1295-1309 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-1748(02)00092-9
  20. Cho, S. and Y. Kim, 2004, Hemocyte apoptosis induced by entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenor- habdus and Photorhabdus, in Bombyx mori, J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 7, 195-200 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60215-0
  21. Soderhall, K. and L. Cerenius, 1998, Role of the prephenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrate immunity, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10, 23-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(98)80026-5
  22. Sooerhall, K. and V. J. Smith, 1986, Prophenoloxidase-activating cascade as a recognition and defence system in arthropods. In Hemocytic and humoral immunity in arhtropods (Ed. A. P. Gupta), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 251- 286pp
  23. Arends, M. J. and A. H. Wyllie, 1991, Apoptosis: mechanisms and roles in pathology, Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 32, 223-354 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-364932-4.50010-1