Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Use of Discriminant Analysis to Identify Soil Quality Variation by Land Use

판별분석을 이용한 토지이용별 토양 특성 변화 연구

  • Ko Kyung-Seok (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Kim Jae Gon (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lee Jin-Soo (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Kim Tack Hyun (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lee Gyoo Ho (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Cho Choon Hee (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Oh In Suk (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) ;
  • Cheong Young Wook (Geological & Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources)
  • 고경석 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 김재곤 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 이진수 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 김탁현 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 이규호 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 조춘희 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 오인숙 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 정영욱 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부)
  • Published : 2005.06.01
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Abstract

The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in a small watershed were investigated and the effect of geology and land use on soil quality were examined by using multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. The soil developed from andesite had finer texture and higher contents of water extractable inorganic components, clay, and mafic minerals than the soil developed from granite. It is considered that the accumulation of salts in the farmland soils indicated by electrical conductivity, contents of cations and anions and pH was caused by fertilizer input during cultivation. The low contents of organic matter in the farmland soils was due to the enhanced oxidation of organic matter by tillage and by the harvest of crops. The contents of inorganic components are increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest. The high contents of water soluble $SO_4\;^{2-}$ of paddy soils is due to the oxidation of sulfides mineral formed during the flooding period during the air-dry and extraction. The results of principal components analysis show the difference of soil quality was controlled by geology and land use. PCI indicate the input of fertilizer, mineral weathering and ion exchange reaction by application of nitrogenous fertilizers. The results of two discriminant analyses using water extractable inorganic components and their ratios by land use were also clearly classified by discriminant function 1 and 2. In discriminant analysis by components, discriminant function 1 indicated the effect of fertilizer application and increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest soil. The investigated and predicted data for land use from discriminant analysis showed similar results. The discriminant analysis can be used as a useful method certifying the change of land use.

본 연구에서는 회동저수지 상류 수영강 유역에 발달된 토양을 대상으로 지질 및 토지이용별로 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하고 그 영향을 다변량 통계분석법인 주성분 및 판별분석을 이용하여 고찰하였다. 연구지역내 토양의 토성은 안산암에서 발달한 토양이 화강암의 것보다 세립질이며 용출 무기성분, 점토 및 유색광물의 함량도 높았다. 경작지 토양 내 염류 집적(EC, 양이온, 음이온)과 pH증가는 대부분 경작과정에 투입된 비료의 영향에 의한 것이며 임야 토양에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 유기물 농도는 경운에 의한 유기물의 산화 촉진 및 작물 수확에 기인하는 것이다. 토지이용별 무기성분의 함량은 밭>과수원>논>임야 토양 순으로 나타났으며, 논 토양의 높은 $SO_4\;^{2-}$함량은 담수 상태 환원조건하 침전된 황화광물형태가 산화조건의 용출 실험에 의해 용해되어 증가되는 것에 기인한다. 주성분 분석결과는 토지 이용이나 지질에 따른 토양 특성을 잘 나타내었으며, 주성분 1은 시비, 광물 풍화작용 및 질소질 비료에 의한 이온교환 반응의 영향을 나타내었다. 토양 용출 성분과 성분비를 이용한 두 종류의 판별분석결과는 모두 토지이용별로 판별함수 1과 2에 의해 뚜렷하게 구분되며, 토양 성분을 이용한 판별분석에서 판별함수 1은 경작에 의한 비료의 영향을 나타내며 밭, 과수원, 논, 임야 토양 순서로 증가하였다. 판별분석에 의한 토지이용 특성의 조사 및 예측자료는 비교적 잘 일치하였으며 토지 이용의 변화를 확인할 수 있는 방법으로도 사용될 수 있었다.

Keywords

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