Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지

Assessment of VOCs Emission Characteristics from Building Materials such as Wall Paper, Paints, and Adhesives Using Small Chamber Method

소형챔버법을 이용한 건축자재 중 벽지, 페인트 및 접착제의 VOCs 방출특성 평가

  • Lee Suk-Jo (Indoor Environmental Research Board, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jang Seong-Ki (Indoor Environmental Research Board, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Cho Yong-Sung (Indoor Environmental Research Board, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jung Kyung- Mi (Indoor Environmental Research Board, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jeong Gi-Ho (Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University)
  • 이석조 (국립환경연구원 실내환경연구사업) ;
  • 장성기 (국립환경연구원 실내환경연구사업) ;
  • 조용성 (국립환경연구원 실내환경연구사업) ;
  • 정경미 (국립환경연구원 실내환경연구사업) ;
  • 정기호 (부산대학교 화학과)
  • Published : 2005.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Building and furnishing materials and consumer product are important sources of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and other aldehydes in the indoor environment. Some available evidence indicates that VOCs can cause adverse health effects to the building occupants and contribute to some of the symptoms of what we call, 'Sick House Syndrome' in Korea. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of emission system and to investigate comparison of the emission characteristics of different building materials such as wall-papers, paints, and adhesives. The emission of VOCs from building materials were determined in the small chambers defining the temperature, relative humidity, and ventilation rate in this study. VOCs were sampled for 20 minutes using Tenax-TA tubes and analysed by GC-MS with thermal desorption. The stability of conditions for temperature and relative humidity in this small chamber system showed that the fluctuation of temperature was between 25.4$\pm$0.3$^{\circ}C$ and that of relative humidity was 50.2$\pm$0.6$\%$ under the airflow rate of 167 mL/min. The emission tests from building materials resulted in TVOC emission rates of 0.011 $\~$ 3.108 mg/m$^{2}$h after 7 days. The general wall-papers emitted toluene abundantly and the natural wall-papers mainly emitted n-butanol and a minor amount of alkanes compound such as n -tetradecane. The remainder consisted of toluene, m,p -xylene, and styrene. The paints mainly emitted toluene and the adhesives mainly emitted chloroform as well as toluene. As a result, this study is expected to suggest meaningful data for future studies in exposure control through selecting healthy building materials and for the establishment of guidelines for various building materials in Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. 대한주택공사 주택도시연구원 (2001) 공동주택의 실내공기 환경 개선방안 연구(I), 50 pp
  2. 신동민, 김창녕, 김동술 (2003) 카페트에서 방출되는 VOCs의 방출특성, 설비공학논문집, 15, 40-49
  3. 장미, 김신도, 윤중섭 (2004) 건축자재에서 발생하는 TVOCs 및 HCHO 방출농도 및 특성에 관한 연구, 한국대기환경학회 춘계학술대회 논문집, 199-200
  4. 환경부 (2004) 실내공기질공정시험방법, 160 pp
  5. Banaszak, E.F., W.H. Thiede, and J.N. Fink (1970) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contamination of an air conditioner. New Engl. J. Med., 283, 271-276 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008062830601
  6. Berglund, B.L., I. Johansson, and T. Lindvall (1987) Volatile organic compounds form building materials in a simulated chamber study, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 1, Berlin, 16-21
  7. Black, M.S., L.M. Work, A.G. Worthan, and W.J. Pearson (1993) Measuring the TVOC concentrations of carpet using environmental chambers, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 401-405
  8. Bremer, J., E. White, and D. Schneider (1993) Measurement and characterization of emissions from PVC materials of indoor use, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 419-424
  9. Bruce, A.T. and A.M. Mark (1988) Organic emissions from consumer products and building materials to the indoor environment, J. Air Pollution Control Association, 38, 264-268
  10. Clausen, P.A., P. Wolkoff, E. Holst, and P.A. Nielsen (1991) Long-term emission of volatile organic compounds form waterborne paints-Methods of comparison, Indoor Air, 4,562-576
  11. Colombo, A., M. De Bortoli, H. Knoppel, E. Pecchio, and H. Vissers (1993) Adsorption of selected volatile organic compounds on a carpet, a wall coating and a gypsum board in a test chamber, Indoor Air, 4, 276-282
  12. Colombo, A., M. De Bortoli, H. Knoppel, E. Pecchio, and H. Vissers (1993) Vapor deposition of selected VOCs on indoor surface materials in a test chamber, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 407-412
  13. De Bortoli, M., E. Pecchio, H. Schauenburg, H. Schlitt, and H. Vissers (1993) Emission of formaldehyde, vinyl chloride, VOCs and plasticizers from different wall coating materials, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 413-418
  14. Fortmann, R.C., L.S. Sheldon, J.T. Keever, and D.A. Whitaker (1993) Comparison of methods for analyzing emissions from architectural coatings used indoors, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 263-268
  15. Gunnarsen, L, P.A. Nielsen, and P. Wolkoff (1994) Design and characterization of the CLIMPAQ, chamber for laboratory investigations of materials, pollution and air quality, Indoor Air, 4, 56-62 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-3-00007.x
  16. Kirchner, S., P. Karpe, and C. Cochet (1993) Characterization of volatile organic compounds emission from floor coverings, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 455-460
  17. Kundsen, H.N., U.D. Kjaer, P.A. Nielsen, and P. Wolkoff (1999) Sensory and chemical characterization of VOC emissions from building products: impact of concentration and air velocity, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1217-1230 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00278-7
  18. Lee, W.Y. and M. Chung (2004) Characterization of indoor air quality using multiple measurements of nitrogen dioxide, Indoor Air, 14, 105-111 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00216.x
  19. NAS (1983) Indoor Pollutants. National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D.C. USA
  20. Neilsen, P.A., L.K. Jensen, K. Eng, P. Bastholm, C. Hugod, T. Husemone, L. Molave, and P. Wolkoff (1994) Health-related evaluation of building products based on climate chamber test, Indoor Air, 4, 146-153 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-1-00003.x
  21. Nielsen, G.D., L.F. Hansen, M. Hammer, K.V. Vejrup, and P. Wolkoff (1997) Chemical and biological evaluation of building material emissions. I, A Screening Procedure based on a Closed Emission System, Indoor Air, 8-16
  22. Nieslochowski, A. and E. Kazimierczak (1993) The contamination of indoor air by building materials, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference Indoor Air Quality Problems-From Science to Practice, Warsaw, 329-336
  23. Raw, G.J., M.S. Roys, and A. Leaman (1990) Further finding from the office environment survey: productivity? Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Toronto, 231-236
  24. Sohn, J.Y., Y.K. Baik, S.K. Pang, and H. Cho (2003) A study of emission characteristics of VOCs with the lightweight panel finishing material composition, Healthy Buildings 2003, 446-451
  25. Tappler, P., R. Boss, and F. Fiala (1994) Emissions form volatile organic compounds from textile floor coverings, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Healthy Buildings, Vol. 1, Budapest, 237-242
  26. Tirkkonen, T., T. Mattinen, and K. Saarela (1993) Volatile organic compound (VOC) emission from some building and furnishing materials, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol. 2, Helsinki, 477-482
  27. US EPA (1994) Chemicals in environment: I-butanol (CAS NO. 71-36-3), http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/chemfact/s_butano.txt
  28. US EPA (1994) Chemicals in environment: 1,2,4-trimethy-lbenzene (CAS NO. 95-63-6), http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/chemfact/f_trimet.txt
  29. US EPA (1994) Chemicals in environment: toluene (CAS NO. 108-88-3), http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/chemfact/f_rimet.txt
  30. US EPA (2001) Toxicological review of $CHCl_{3}$, 2 - 3pp
  31. Van der Wal J.F., L. van Leeuwen, and A.W. Hoogeveen (1994) A quick screening method for the sorption behaviour of chemicals of indoor materials, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Healthy Buildings, Vol. 1, Budapest, 253-258
  32. Virta, J., M. Koivula, T. Hussein, S. Koponen, H. Hakkarainen, H.R. Kymalainen, M. Hameri, and M. Hautala (2004) Emissions from thermal insulations-part 1 : development and characteristics of the test apparatus, Building and Environment, accepted for publication
  33. Wolkoff, P. (1998) Impact of air velocity, temperature, humidity, and air on long-term VOC emissions from building products, Atmos. Enviro., 32, 2659-2668 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00402-0
  34. World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe Reports (1983, 1984, 1986) Working Group on Indoor Air Research, 264-268
  35. World Health Organization (1999) Air Quality Guideline, Environmental health information. http://www.who.int/environmental_Air/Guidelines/ AQGUIDE PREF.htm