Effects of Egg Storage, Storage Temperature, and Insemination of Hens on Egg Quality

계란의 저장기간, 저장온도 및 암닭의 수정이 계란의 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Suk Y. O. (Department of Applied Animal Science, Division of Life Resources, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Kwon J. T. (Halim)
  • 석윤오 (삼육대학교 생명자원과학부 응용동물학과) ;
  • 권정택 (㈜하림)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

A total of 1,200 eggs obtained from 312-day-old Hy-line Brown laying breeder hens and 319-day-old Hy-line Brown commercial laying hens (600 eggs obtained from each one) at same day were used to investigate the effects of egg storage, storage temperature, and insemination of hens on the change of albumen height, Haugh unit(HU), albumen pH, shell strength, and yolk color. Eggs were stored up to 14 days after lay at $3^{\circ}C$ or $10^{\circ}C$ and sampled one day after stored and then 24 hours interval. Longer periods of storage resulted in lower albumen height and HU at both storage temperatures, but in higher albumen pH. The eggs stored at $3^{\circ}C$ were significantly (P<0.05) higher in HU and lower in albumen pH than the ones stored at $10^{\circ}C$. The eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens were significantly (P<0.05) higher in albumen height, HU, and albumen pH than the eggs obtained from the inseminated-hens. Whereas, the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens in the mean albumen pH of eggs stored at $3^{\circ}C$ were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the ones obtained from the inseminated-hens, but the mean albumen pH of eggs stored at 10^{\circ}C did not differ each other. The mean shell strength of the eggs obtained from the inseminated-hens was significantly (P<0.05) stronger than that of the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens at both storage temperatures. Albumen height and albumen pH were negatively correlated $(P<0.01\~0.001)$ in both inseminated and non-inseminated-hen's egg groups. The degree of yolk colors was not significantly changed overall of the experimental periods in both storage temperatures. The study suggests that the change of egg freshness such as albumen height and HU is relatively more associated with storage period and storage temperature than insemination or non-insemination of hens.

312일령 Hy-line Brown 산란종계와 319일령 Hy-line Brown 산란실용계로부터 같은 날에 생산한 계란을 각각 600개씩 수거하여 계란의 저장기간, 저장온도 및 암탉의 수정 유무가 농후난백의 높이, 하우 유니트, 난백의 pH, 난각강도 및 난황색에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 계란을 $3^{\circ}C$ 혹은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 14일간 저장하고, 계란 생산 하루가 지난 다음부터 24시간 간격으로 계란 형질들을 측정하였다. 농후난백의 높이와 HU는 저장온도에 관계없이 저장기간이 경과할수록 감소되는 경향이 있었던 반면에, 난백의 pH는 반대로 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 일반적으로 $3^{\circ}C$에서 저장되었던 계란들은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장된 계란들보다 HU는 더 높게 나타났던 반면에, 난백의 pH는 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었지만, 비수정란은 수정란에 비해서 저장온도에 관계없이 농후난백의 높이 및 HU는 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 높은 것으로 나타났고, $3^{\circ}C$에서 저장된 계란들의 난백의 pH는 비수정란이 수정란보다 더 높았으나 (P<0.05), $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장된 계란들의 경우는 수정란과 비수정란간에 별 차이가 없었다. 난각의 강도는 수정란이 비수정란보다 두 온도역 모두 유의하게(P<0.05)더 컸었다. 그리고 농후난백의 높이와 난중 상호간에 수정란과 비수정란 모두 고도의 유의한$(P<0.01\~0.001)$ 정(+) 상관관계가 있었고, 농후난백의 높이와 난백의 pH는 부(-)의 상관관계$(P<0.01\~0.001)$가 있었으나, 농후난백의 높이와 난각강도 상호간에는 두 그룹 모두 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타냈지만 유의하지는 않았다. 수정란의 경우 난백의 pH와 난각강도 상호간에 높은 부(-)의 상관관계(P<0.001)가 있었으나, 비수정란의 경우는 이들 형질 상호간에 상관관계가 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 농후난백의 높이 혹은 HU와 같은 계란의 신선도 변화에 있어서 상대적으로 암탉의 수정 유무보다는 저장기간과 저장온도가 더 중요한 요인인 것으로 사료되며, 일반적으로 저장온도가 낮을수록 HU는 증가되는 반면에, 난백의 pH는 반대로 감소되는 경향이 있는 것으로 보여진다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn DU, Sell JL, Jo C, Chamruspollert M, Jeffrey M 1999 Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the quality characteristics of chicken eggs during refrigerated storage. Poultry Sci 78:922-928
  2. Baum EL, Stadelman WJ, Walkup HG, Darroch JG 1960 An economic analysis of egg quality changes as influenced by time and temperature. Technical Bulletin 35. Washington State University, Pullman, WA
  3. Benabdeljelil K, Jensen LS 1990 Effectiveness of ascorbic acid and chromium in counteracting the negative effects of dietary vanadium on interior egg quality. Poultry Sci 69:781-786
  4. Burley RW, Vadehra DV 1989 The Avian Egg: Chemistry and Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA
  5. Dawes CM 1975 Acid-base relationships within the avian egg. Biol Rev 50:351-371
  6. Goodrum JW, Britton WM, Davis JB 1989 Effect of storage condition on albumen pH and subsequent hard-cooked egg peelability and albumen shear strength. Poultry Sci 68:1226-1231 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0681226
  7. Hamilton RMG, Thompson BK, Voisey PW 1979 The effects of age and strain on the relationship between destructive and nondestructive measurements of eggshell strength for White Leghorn hens. Poultry Sci 58:1125-1132
  8. Haugh RR 1937 The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US Egg Poult. Magazine 43:522-555, 572-573
  9. Heath JL 1977 Chemical and related osmotic changes in egg albumen during storage. Poultry Sci 56:822-828. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0560822
  10. Johnson AS, Merritt ES 1955 Heritability of albumen height and specific gravity of eggs from White Leghorn and Barred Rocks and the correlations of these traits with egg production. Poultry Sci 34:578-587
  11. Kato A, Ogino K, Kuramoto Y, Kobayashi K 1979 Degradation of the o-glycosidically linked carbohydrate units of ovomucin during egg white thinning. J Food Sci 44:1341-1344
  12. Kirunda DFK, McKee SR 2000 Relating quality characteristics of aged eggs and fresh eggs to vitelline membrane strength as determined by a texture analyzer. Poultry Sci 79:1189-1193
  13. Kosin IL, Konishi T 1973 Pre-incubation storage conditions and their effect on the subsequent livability of chicken embryos: exogenous CO2, plastic bags and extended holding periods as factors. Poultry Sci 52:296-302 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0520296
  14. Liljedahl LE, Gavora JS, Fairfull RW, Gowe RS 1984 Age changes in genetic and environmental variation in laying hens. Theor Appl Genet 67:391-401
  15. Monsey JB, Robinson DS, Miller WS, Ellis M 1977 The effect of feeding magnesium-enriched diets on the quality of albumen of stored eggs. Br J Nutr 37:35-44
  16. Nahm KH 2000 A strategy for quality poultry egg production II. Egg interior quality, egg yolk pigmentation, controlling egg weight and organic eggs. Korean J Poult Sci 27(2):133-153
  17. Sabrani M, Payne CG 1978 Effect of oiling on internal quality of eggs stored at 28 and 12 degrees C. Br Poult Sci 19:567-571
  18. SAS 2002 SAS User's guide: Statistics, SAS Inst Inc Cary, NC, USA
  19. Sathe V, Khan AG 1995 Influence of dietary energy and protein levels on egg quality in mild and peak summer seasons. Indian Journal of Poultry Sci 30(2):148-151
  20. Scott TA, Silversides FG 2000 The effect of storage and strain of hen on egg quality. Poultry Sci 79:1725-1729
  21. Silversides FG, Scott TA 2001 Effect of storage and layer age on quality of eggs from two lines of hens. Poultry Sci 80:1240-1245
  22. Silversides FG, Budgell K 2004 The relationships among measures of egg albumen height, pH, and whipping volume. Poultry Sci 83:1619-1623
  23. Stadelman WJ, Cotterill OJ 1986 Egg Science and Technology. 3rd ed. AVI Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, CT, USA
  24. Stern CD 1991 The sub-embryonic fluid of the domestic fowl and its relationship to the early development of the embryo. pp 81-90 in: Avian Incubation. S. G. Tullett, ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, London, UK
  25. Voet D, Voet J 1990. Page 369 in: Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA
  26. Walsh TJ, Rizk RE, Brake JT 1995 Effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on albumen characteristics, weight loss, and early embryonic mortality of long stored hatching eggs. Poultry Sci 74:1403-1410. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0741403
  27. Washburn KW 1990 Genetic variation inthe chemical composition of the egg. Poultry Sci 58:529-535
  28. Wong YC, Herald TJ, Hachmeister KA 1996 Evaluation of mechanical and barrier properties of protein coatings on shell eggs. Poultry Sci 75:417-422
  29. 석윤오 2002 계란의 형질들 및 산란율에 대한 난각색이 다른 두 계통간의 비교연구. 한국가금학회지 29(3):151-156
  30. 임희석 남궁 환 백인기 2002 비타민 C 첨가가 산란계의 생산성과 난각품질에 미치는 영향. 한국가금학회지 29(2):135-140
  31. 하정기 김태호 나재천 강보석 하광수 김동혁 이상진 2002 계란 농후난백의 높이 측정부위에 따른 Albumen index 와 Haugh unit의 변화. 한국가금학회지 29(3):157- 170