Wind and Structures

  • 제7권3호
  • /
  • Pages.159-172
  • /
  • 2004
  • /
  • 1226-6116(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6225(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical method study of how buildings affect the flow characteristics of an urban canopy

  • Zhang, Ning (Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University) ;
  • Jiang, Weimei (Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University) ;
  • Hu, Fei (Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • 투고 : 2003.06.25
  • 심사 : 2004.03.29
  • 발행 : 2004.06.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The study of how buildings affect wind flow is an important part of the research being conducted on urban climate and urban air quality. NJU-UCFM, a standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence closure model, is presented and is used to simulate how the following affect wind flow characteristics: (1) an isolated building, (2) urban canyons, (3) an irregular shaped building cluster, and (4) a real urban neighborhood. The numerical results are compared with previous researchers' results and with wind tunnel experiment results. It is demonstrated that the geometries and the distribution of urban buildings affect airflow greatly, and some examples of this include a changing of the vortices behind buildings and a "channeling effect". Although the mean air flows are well simulated by the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ models, it is important to pay attention to certain discrepancies when results from the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ models are used in design or policy decisions: The standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model may overestimate the turbulence energy near the frontal side of buildings, may underestimate the range of high turbulence energy in urban areas, and may omit some important information (such as the reverse air flows above the building roofs). In ideal inflow conditions, the effects of the heights of buildings may be underestimated, when compared with field observations.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ashie, Y., Ca, W.T. and Asaeda, T. (1999), "Building canopy model for the analysis of urban climate", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerody., 81, 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00020-3
  2. Baik, J.J. and Kim, J.J. (1999), "A numerical study of flow and pollutant dispersion characteristics in urban street canyons", J. Applied Meteorology, 38, 1576-1589. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1576:ANSOFA>2.0.CO;2
  3. Hosker, R.P. Jr (1985), "Flow around isolated structures and building clusters: a review", ASHRAE Transactions, 91, 1671-1692.
  4. Hunter, L.J., Johnson, G.T. and Watson, I.D. (1992), "An investigation of three-dimensional characteristics of flow regimes within the urban canyon", Atmospheric Environment, 20, 425-432.
  5. Hussain, M. and Lee, B.E. (1980), "A wind tunnel study of the mean pressure force acting on large groups of low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerody., 6, 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(80)90002-1
  6. Hussein, H.J. and Martinuzzi, R.J. (1996), "Energy balance for turbulent flow around a surface mounted cube place in a channel", Physics Fluids, 8, 764-780. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.868860
  7. Kim, J.J. and Baik, J.J. (1999), "A numerical study of thermal effects on flow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons", J. Applied Meteorology, 38, 1249-1261. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1249:ANSOTE>2.0.CO;2
  8. Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B. (1974), "The numerical computation of turbulent flows", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 3, 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
  9. Murakami, S., Mochida, A. and Hayashi, Y. (1990), "Examining the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model by means of a wind tunnel test and large eddy simulation of the turbulence structure around a cube", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerody., 35, 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90211-T
  10. Oke, T.R. (1988), "Street design and urban canopy layer climate", Energy and Building, 11, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(88)90026-6
  11. Patankar, S.V. (1980), Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, New York, Hemisphere.
  12. Paterson, D.A. and Apelt, C.J. (1986), "Computation of wind flows over three-dimensional buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerody., 24, 192-213.
  13. Paterson, D.A. and Apelt, C.J. (1989), "Simulation of wind flows around three-dimensional buildings", Buildings Environment, 24, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(89)90015-2
  14. Rotach, M.W. (1995), "Profiles of turbulence statistics in and above an urban street canyon", Atmospheric Environment, 29, 1473-1486. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00084-C
  15. Shih, T.H., Liou, W.W., Shabbir, A. and Zhu, J. (1995), "A new $k-{\varepsilon}$ eddy viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows-model development and validation", Computers & Fluids, 24, 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(94)00032-T
  16. Sini, J.F., Anquetin, S. and Mestayer, P.G. (1996), "Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons", Atmospheric Environment, 30, 2659-2677. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00321-5
  17. Yaknot, V. and Orszag, S.A. (1986), "Renormalization group methods in turbulence", J. Science Computing, 1(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061451

피인용 문헌

  1. Impact Assessment of Urban Meteorology and the Atmospheric Environment Using Urban Sub-Domain Planning vol.118, pp.1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-5292-4
  2. Systematic influence of different building spacing, height and layout on mean wind and turbulent characteristics within and over urban building arrays vol.11, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2008.11.4.275
  3. Applied climatology: urban climate vol.30, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp484pr
  4. A large eddy simulation on the effect of buildings on urban flows vol.9, pp.1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2006.9.1.023
  5. High-Resolution Simulations of the Urban Thermal Climate in Suzhou City, China vol.10, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030118