Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modeling of cyclic joint shear deformation contributions in RC beam-column connections to overall frame behavior

  • Shin, Myoungsu (Morehead State University, Department of Industrial and Engineering Technology) ;
  • LaFave, James M. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3108 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory)
  • Received : 2004.01.28
  • Accepted : 2004.06.14
  • Published : 2004.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In seismic analysis of moment-resisting frames, beam-column connections are often modeled with rigid joint zones. However, it has been demonstrated that, in ductile reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames designed based on current codes (to say nothing of older non-ductile frames), the joint zones are in fact not rigid, but rather undergo significant shear deformations that contribute greatly to global drift. Therefore, the "rigid joint" assumption may result in misinterpretation of the global performance characteristics of frames and could consequently lead to miscalculation of strength and ductility demands on constituent frame members. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a rational method for estimating the hysteretic joint shear behavior of RC connections and for incorporating this behavior into frame analysis. The authors tested four RC edge beam-column-slab connection subassemblies subjected to earthquake-type lateral loading; hysteretic joint shear behavior is investigated based on these tests and other laboratory tests reported in the literature. An analytical scheme employing the modified compression field theory (MCFT) is developed to approximate joint shear stress vs. joint shear strain response. A connection model capable of explicitly considering hysteretic joint shear behavior is then formulated for nonlinear structural analysis. In the model, a joint is represented by rigid elements located along the joint edges and nonlinear rotational springs embedded in one of the four hinges linking adjacent rigid elements. The connection model is able to well represent the experimental hysteretic joint shear behavior and overall load-displacement response of connection subassemblies.

Keywords

References

  1. ACI Committee 318 (2002), "Building code requirements for reinforced concrete (ACI 318-02) and commentary (ACI 318R-02)", American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan.
  2. ACI-ASCE Committee 352 (2002), "Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures (ACI 352R-02)", American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan.
  3. Alath, S. and Kunnath, S. (1995), "Modeling inelastic shear deformation in RC beam-column joints", Proc. Tenth Conf. on Engineering Mechanics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 822-825.
  4. Anderson, J.C. and Townsend, W.H. (1977), "Models for RC frames with degrading stiffness", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 103(ST12), 1433-1449.
  5. Biddah, A. and Ghobarah, A. (1999), "Modeling of shear deformation and bond slip in reinforced concrete joints", Struct. Eng. Mech., 7(4), 413-432. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.1999.7.4.413
  6. Bonacci, J. and Pantazopoulou, S. (1993), "Parametric investigation of joint mechanics", ACI Struct. J., 90(1), 61-71.
  7. CEB (1996), RC Frames under Earthquake Loading, Thomas Telford, London, UK, 303 pp.
  8. Collins, M.P. and Mitchell, D. (1991), Prestressed Concrete Structures, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 766 pp.
  9. Elmorsi, M., Kianoush, M.R. and Tso, W.K. (1998), "Lightly reinforced beam column joint model for frame analysis", Sixth U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, Washington.
  10. Filippou, F.C., D'Ambrisi, A. and Issa, A. (1999), "Effects of reinforcement slip on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete frame members", ACI Struct. J., 96(3), 327-335.
  11. Fleury, F., Reynouard, J.M. and Merabet, O. (1999), "Finite element implementation of a steel-concrete bond law for non-linear analysis of beam-column joints subjected to earthquake type loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 7(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.1999.7.1.035
  12. Foutch, D.A., Shi, S. and Yun, S.-Y. (2003), "Element 10: A stiffness and strength degrading element developed for the SAC steel program", Distributed with DRAIN-2DX by the National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering (NISEE), Available from http://nisee.berkeley.edu/software/drain2dx/.
  13. Fujii, S. and Morita, H. (1991), "Comparison between interior and exterior RC beam-column joint behavior", Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance (SP-123), American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 145-165.
  14. Giberson, M.F. (1969), "Two nonlinear beams with definitions of ductility", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 95(ST2), 137-157.
  15. Joh, O., Goto, Y. and Shibata, T. (1991), "Behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints with eccentricity", Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance (SP-123), American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 317-357.
  16. Kitayama, K., Otani, S. and Aoyama, H. (1991), "Development of design criteria for RC interior beam-column joints", Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance (SP-123), American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 97-123.
  17. Kitayama, K. (1992), "Restoring force characteristics in reinforced concrete beam-column joints", Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute, 14, 491-498.
  18. Krawinkler, H. and Mohasseb, S. (1987), "Effects of panel zone deformations on seismic response", J. of Construction Steel Research, 8, 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(87)90060-5
  19. Krawinkler, H. (2001), "State of the art report on systems performance of steel moment frames subjected to earthquake ground shaking", FEMA-355C, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
  20. Kurose, Y., Guimaraes, G.N., Zuhua, L., Kreger, M.E. and Jirsa, J.O. (1991), "Evaluation of slab-beam-column connections subjected to bi-directional loading", Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance (SP-123), American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 39-67.
  21. Leon, R.T. (1990), "Shear strength and hysteretic behavior of interior beam-column joints", ACI Struct. J., 87(1), 3-11.
  22. Lowes, L.N. and Altoontash, A. (2002), "Modeling the response of RC building beam-column joints subjected to earthquake loading", Seventh U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts.
  23. Meinheit, D.F. and Jirsa, J.O. (1981), "Shear strength of RC beam-column connections", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 107(ST11), 2227-2244.
  24. Morita, S. and Kaku, T. (1984), "Slippage of reinforcement in beam-column joint of reinforced concrete frame", Eighth World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, CA, 477-484.
  25. Noguchi, H. and Kashiwazaki, T. (1992), "Experimental studies on shear performances of RC interior columnbeam joints with high-strength materials", Tenth World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam, 3163-3168.
  26. Otani, S. (1974), "Inelastic analysis of RC frame structures", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 100(ST7), 1433-1449.
  27. Pantazopoulou, S.J. and Bonacci, J.F. (1994), "On earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete frame connections", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 21, 307-328. https://doi.org/10.1139/l94-032
  28. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 744 pp.
  29. Prakash, V., Powell, G.H. and Campbell, S. (1993), "DRAIN-2DX base program description and user guide", University of California, Berkeley, California.
  30. Raffaelle, G.S. and Wight, J.K. (1992), "R/C eccentric beam-column connections subjected to earthquake-type loading", Research Report UMCEE 92-18, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
  31. Shin, M. and LaFave, J.M. (2004a), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete eccentric beam-column connections with floor slabs", ACI Struct. J., 101(3), 403-412.
  32. Shin, M. and LaFave, J.M. (2004b), "Reinforced concrete edge beam-column-slab connections subjected to earthquake loading", Magazine of Concrete Research, 56(5), 273-291. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2004.56.5.273
  33. Stevens, N.J., Uzumeri, S.M. and Collins, M.P. (1991), "Reinforced concrete subjected to reversed cyclic shear - experiments and constitutive model", ACI Struct. J., 88(2), 135-146.
  34. Takeda, T., Sozen, M.A. and Nielsen, N.N. (1970), "Reinforced concrete response to simulated earthquakes", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 96(ST12), 2557-2573.
  35. Teng, S. and Zhou, H. (2003), "Eccentric reinforced concrete beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading", ACI Struct. J., 100(2), 139-148.
  36. Teraoka, M. and Fujii, S. (2000), "Seismic damage and performance evaluation of R/C beam-column joints", The Second U.S.-Japan Workshop on Performance-Based Engineering for Reinforced Concrete Building Structures, Hokkaido, Japan, 379-390.
  37. Vecchio, F.J. and Collins, M.P. (1986), "The modified compression field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear", ACI Struct. J., 83(2), 219-231.
  38. Vecchio, F.J. and Collins, M.P. (1988), "Predicting the response of reinforced concrete beams subjected to shear using modified compression field theory", ACI Struct. J., 85(3), 258-268.
  39. Watanabe, K., Abe, K., Murakawa, J. and Noguchi, H. (1988), "Strength and deformation of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints", Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute, 10, 183-188.
  40. Youssef, M. and Ghobarah, A. (2001), "Modeling of RC beam-column joints and structural walls", J. Earthq. Eng., 5(1), 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246901000303

Cited by

  1. Flexibility modeling of reinforced concrete concentric frame joints vol.6, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952013000300002
  2. A new statistical approach for joint shear strength determination of RC beam-column connections subjected to lateral earthquake loading vol.27, pp.4, 2007, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2007.27.4.439
  3. Key influence parameters for the joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column connections vol.29, pp.10, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.12.012
  4. Nonlinear seismic analysis of a super 13-element reinforced concrete beam-column joint model vol.11, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.5.905
  5. Practical modelling of high-rise dual systems with reinforced concrete slab-column frames 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.509
  6. Influence of pinching effect of exterior joints on the seismic behavior of RC frames vol.6, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.1.089
  7. Energy-Based Hysteresis Model for Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Connections vol.112, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14359/51687404
  8. Improved strut-and-tie method for 2D RC beam-column joints under monotonic loading vol.15, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.5.807
  9. Shear modelling of the beam-column joint in the nonlinear static analysis of r.c. framed structures retrofitted with damped braces 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0269-5
  10. Analytical assessment and modeling of RC beam-column connections strengthened with CFRP composites vol.42, pp.7, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.07.002
  11. Experimental study on the deformation characteristics of RC beam-column subassemblages vol.21, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2005.21.4.393
  12. Evaluation, Calibration, and Verification of a Reinforced Concrete Beam–Column Joint Model vol.133, pp.1, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:1(105)
  13. Shear strength model for RC beam–column joints under seismic loading vol.40, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.038
  14. Statistical models for shear strength of RC beam-column joints using machine-learning techniques vol.43, pp.14, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2437
  15. Design Oriented Model for the Assessment of T-Shaped Beam-Column Joints in Reinforced Concrete Frames vol.7, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7040118
  16. Development and analytical verification of an inelastic reinforced concrete joint model vol.52, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.032
  17. A model for the practical nonlinear analysis of reinforced-concrete frames including joint flexibility vol.34, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.09.003
  18. Beam-Column Joint Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Non-Seismically Detailed Reinforced Concrete Frame vol.20, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2015.1104759
  19. Joint Shear Behavior Prediction for RC Beam-Column Connections vol.5, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4334/IJCSM.2011.5.1.057
  20. Cyclic Tests on External RC Beam-Column Joints: Role of Seismic Design Level and Axial Load Value on the Ultimate Capacity vol.17, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.707345
  21. Modelling exterior beam-column joints for seismic analysis of RC frame structures vol.37, pp.13, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.826
  22. Modeling of interior beam-column joints for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames vol.142, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.066
  23. Experimental study on the seismic behavior of steel-reinforced ultra-high-strength concrete frame joints with cyclic loads vol.21, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433217717116
  24. Design and behaviour of a reinforced concrete high-rise tube building with belt walls vol.21, pp.12, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.661
  25. A Simplified Approach to Joint Shear Behavior Prediction of RC Beam-Column Connections vol.28, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000064
  26. Classification of failure mode and prediction of shear strength for reinforced concrete beam-column joints using machine learning techniques vol.160, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.008
  27. A PRACTICAL MODEL FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL BUILDINGS vol.9, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350548
  28. A numerical model for simulation of RC beam-column connections vol.88, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.025
  29. The influence of coupled horizontal–vertical ground excitations on the collapse margins of modern RC-MRFs vol.8, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-016-0122-0
  30. Cyclic Testing for Seismic Design Guide of Beam-Column Joints with Closely Spaced Headed Bars vol.16, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2011.610497
  31. Component-based reinforced concrete beam-column joint model vol.18, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600024
  32. Influence of shear deformation of exterior beam-column joints on the quasi-static behavior of RC framed structures vol.12, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.12.4.393
  33. Joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beam–column connections vol.61, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2008.00068
  34. Seismic behaviour of infilled and pilotis RC frame structures with beam–column joint degradation effect vol.33, pp.10, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.006
  35. Seismic vulnerability of existing R.C. buildings: A simplified numerical model to analyse the influence of the beam-column joints collapse vol.121, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.045
  36. Shear strength criteria for design of RC beam–column joints in building codes pp.1573-1456, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0492-8
  37. Shear Failure Capacity Prediction of Concrete Beam–Column Joints in Terms of ANFIS and GMDH vol.24, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000417
  38. Influence of exterior joint effect on the inter-story pounding interaction of structures vol.33, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2009.33.2.113
  39. A new model to simulate joint shear behavior of poorly detailed beam–column connections in RC structures under seismic loads, Part I: Exterior joints vol.33, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.026
  40. Joint shear strength prediction for reinforced concrete beam-to-column connections vol.41, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.41.3.421
  41. Study of the seismic behavior of external RC beam-column joints through experimental tests and numerical simulations vol.52, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.023
  42. Importance of the bond-slip mechanism in the numerical simulation of the cyclic response of RC elements with plain reinforcing bars vol.56, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.013
  43. Effect of 3D models on seismic vulnerability assessment of deficient RC frame structures vol.19, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2018.1480910
  44. Analytical prediction of seismic behavior of RC joints and columns under varying axial load vol.174, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.103
  45. A proposed model for nonlinear analysis of RC beam-column joints under seismic loading vol.180, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.068
  46. 근접 배치된 확대머리 철근의 보-기둥 접합부 내진 성능 평가 vol.23, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2019.23.6.1
  47. Seismic behaviour and strength prediction of corroded RC columns subjected to cyclic loading vol.72, pp.17, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.18.00181
  48. Considering Shear Behavior of Beam-Column Connections to Assess the Seismic Performance of RC Frames Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles vol.25, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1572037
  49. A regression model for predicting the shear strength of RC knee joint subjected to opening and closing moment vol.41, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102727
  50. Innovative Models for Capacity Estimation of Reinforced Concrete Elements in Terms of Soft Computing Techniques vol.26, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000614
  51. Nonlinear Numerical Assessment of Exterior Beam-Column Connections with Low-Strength Concrete vol.11, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110562
  52. Seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints constructed with engineered cementitious composite: Comparison with ordinary and steel fibre reinforced concrete vol.250, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113377
  53. Relocating plastic hinges in reinforced concrete beam-column joints by mechanically anchored diagonal bars vol.251, pp.no.pa, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113468
  54. Research on the mechanical properties of the joint of the beam-column subassembly vol.35, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.043
  55. Effect of the plastic rotation randomness on the moment redistribution in reinforced concrete structures vol.252, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113652
  56. Simplified mechanical models for critical regions in RC frame systems vol.252, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113677