Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design and performance validation of a wireless sensing unit for structural monitoring applications

  • Lynch, Jerome Peter (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan) ;
  • Law, Kincho H. (The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University) ;
  • Kiremidjian, Anne S. (The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University) ;
  • Carryer, Ed (The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University) ;
  • Farrar, Charles R. (Los Alamos National Laboratory) ;
  • Sohn, Hoon (Los Alamos National Laboratory) ;
  • Allen, David W. (Los Alamos National Laboratory) ;
  • Nadler, Brett (Los Alamos National Laboratory) ;
  • Wait, Jeannette R. (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
  • Received : 2003.02.28
  • Accepted : 2003.04.19
  • Published : 2004.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

There exists a clear need to monitor the performance of civil structures over their operational lives. Current commercial monitoring systems suffer from various technological and economic limitations that prevent their widespread adoption. The wires used to route measurements from system sensors to the centralized data server represent one of the greatest limitations since they are physically vulnerable and expensive from an installation and maintenance standpoint. In lieu of cables, the introduction of low-cost wireless communications is proposed. The result is the design of a prototype wireless sensing unit that can serve as the fundamental building block of wireless modular monitoring systems (WiMMS). An additional feature of the wireless sensing unit is the incorporation of computational power in the form of state-of-art microcontrollers. The prototype unit is validated with a series of laboratory and field tests. The Alamosa Canyon Bridge is employed to serve as a full-scale benchmark structure to validate the performance of the wireless sensing unit in the field. A traditional cable-based monitoring system is installed in parallel with the wireless sensing units for performance comparison.

Keywords

References

  1. Analog Devices, Inc. (1999), ADXL202/ADXL210 data sheet - low cost 2 g/10 g dual axis iMEMSaccelerometers with digital outputs, Norwood, MA.
  2. Bogen, A.E. and Wollan, V. (1996), AVR enhanced RISC microcontrollers, Atmel Development Center,Trondheim, Norway.
  3. Doebling, S.W., Farrar, C.R., Prime, M.B. and Shevitz, D.W. (1996), "Damage identification and healthmonitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: a literature review", Report No. LA-13070-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
  4. Ewins, D.J. (1984), Modal Testing: Theory and Practice. Research Studies Press, Letchworth, England.
  5. Farrar, C.R., Doebling, S.W., Cornwell, P.J. and Straser, E.G. (1997), "Variability of modal parameters measuredon the Alamosa Canyon Bridge." Proc. of the 15th Int. Modal Analysis Conf., Society of EngineeringMechanics, Bethel, CT, 257-263.
  6. Farrar, C.R. (2001), "Historical overview of structural health monitoring", Lecture Notes on Structural HealthMonitoring using Statistical Pattern Recognition. Los Alamos Dynamics, Los Alamos, NM.
  7. Ginsberg, G.L. (1990), Printed Circuit Design Featuring Computer-aided Technologies, McGraw-Hill Inc., NewYork, NY.
  8. Hipley, P. (2001), "Caltrans' current state-of-practice", Proc. of Instrumental Systems for Diagnostics of SeismicResponse of Bridges and Dams, Consortium of Organizations for Strong-Motion Observation Systems,Richmond, CA, 3-7.
  9. Kinemetrics, Inc. (2002), ALTUS - Earthquake Monitoring Instruments and Systems. Pasadena, CA.
  10. Lynch, J.P. (2002), "Decentralization of wireless monitoring and control technologies for smart civil structures",Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
  11. Lynch, J.P., Law, K.H., Kiremidjian, A.S., Carryer, E., Kenny, T.W., Partridge, A. and Sundararajan, A. (2002a),"Validation of a wireless modular monitoring system for structures", Proc. of Smart Structures Materials,SPIE, San Diego, CA, 124-135.
  12. Lynch, J.P., Sundararajan, A., Law, K.H. and Kiremidjian, A.S. (2002b), "Embedding algorithms in a wirelessstructural monitoring system", Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Advances and New Challenges in EarthquakeEngineering Research, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, 563-570.
  13. Ni, Y.Q., Wang, B.S. and Ko, J.M. (2001), "Simulation studies of damage location in Tsing Ma Bridge deck",SPIE Nondestructive Evaluation of Highways, Utilities, and Pipelines IV, SPIE, 3995, 312-323.
  14. Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T. and Flannery, B.P. (1992), Numerical Recipes in C: The Art ofScientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
  15. Shakal, A.F. (2001), "Utilization of instrumental measurements in diagnostics for seismic response", Proc. ofInstrumental Systems for Diagnostics of Seismic Response of Bridges and Dams, Consortium of Organizationsfor Strong-Motion Observation Systems, Richmond, CA, 21-22.
  16. Sohn, H., Dzwonczyk, M., Straser, E.G., Kiremidjian, A.S., Law, K.H. and Meng, T. (1999), "An experimentalstudy of temperature effect on modal parameters of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn.,John Wiley & Sons, 28(9), 879-897. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199908)28:8<879::AID-EQE845>3.0.CO;2-V
  17. Straser, E.G. and Kiremidjian, A.S. (1998), "A modular, wireless damage monitoring system for structures",Report No. 128, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
  18. Tamura, K. (2001), "Instrument systems of major bridges in Japan", Proc. of Instrumental Systems forDiagnostics of Seismic Response of Bridges and Dams, Consortium of Organizations for Strong-MotionObservation Systems, Richmond, CA, 10-18.

Cited by

  1. Technology developments in structural health monitoring of large-scale bridges vol.27, pp.12, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.02.021
  2. Harvesting traffic-induced vibrations for structural health monitoring of bridges vol.21, pp.10, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/21/10/104005
  3. Development of an Automated Wireless Tension Force Estimation System for Cable-stayed Bridges vol.21, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X09350719
  4. Embedding damage detection algorithms in a wireless sensing unit for operational power efficiency vol.13, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/13/4/018
  5. Innovative technologies in manufacturing, mechanics and smart civil infrastructure 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2017.1376359
  6. Design of a wireless active sensing unit for localized structural health monitoring vol.12, pp.3-4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.77
  7. Vibration-based Damage Monitoring Scheme of Steel Girder Bolt-Connection Member by using Wireless Acceleration Sensor Node vol.25, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7734/COSEIK.2012.25.1.081
  8. An intelligent structural damage detection approach based on self-powered wireless sensor data vol.62, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.10.001
  9. An Eigenvalue Perturbation Solution for the Multi-Physics Simulation of Antenna Strain Sensors 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2017.2698338
  10. Wireless Intelligent Sensor and Actuator Network - A Scalable Platform for Time-synchronous Applications of Structural Health Monitoring vol.9, pp.5, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921710370003
  11. Strategic Network Utilization in a Wireless Structural Control System for Seismically Excited Structures vol.135, pp.5, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000002
  12. Application of state-of-the-art in measurement and data analysis techniques for vibration evaluation of a tall building vol.10, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2012.757795
  13. Development of a dynamic sensing system for civil revolving structures and its field tests in a large revolving auditorium vol.13, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.13.6.993
  14. Synchronized sensing for wireless monitoring of large structures vol.18, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.5.885
  15. Miniature Circularly Polarized Rectenna With Reduced Out-of-Band Harmonics vol.5, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2006.872411
  16. A cost effective wireless structural health monitoring network for buildings in earthquake zones vol.23, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/105010
  17. Exploring Wireless Strain Measurement for Civil Infrastructure vol.45, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00518.x
  18. A migration-based approach towards resource-efficient wireless structural health monitoring vol.27, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2013.08.003
  19. An Iterative Modal Identification Algorithm for Structural Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks vol.29, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000133
  20. Probabilistic Fatigue Assessment Based on Bayesian Learning for Wind-Excited Long-Span Bridges Installed with WASHMS vol.9, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/871368
  21. Performance Evaluation of Imote2-Platformed Wireless Smart Sensor Node for Health Monitoring of Harbor Structures vol.23, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2011.23.1.026
  22. Nonparametric analysis of structural health monitoring data for identification and localization of changes: Concept, lab, and real-life studies vol.11, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921712451955
  23. Image-Based Monitoring of Open Gears of Movable Bridges for Condition Assessment and Maintenance Decision Making vol.29, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000307
  24. A new circularly polarized rectenna for wireless power transmission and data communication vol.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2005.851004
  25. Passive Wireless Frequency Doubling Antenna Sensor for Strain and Crack Sensing vol.16, pp.14, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2567221
  26. Temperature-Compensated Damage Monitoring by Using Wireless Acceleration-Impedance Sensor Nodes in Steel Girder Connection vol.8, pp.9, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/167120
  27. An overview of wireless structural health monitoring for civil structures vol.365, pp.1851, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1932
  28. Effects of measurement noise on modal parameter identification vol.21, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/6/065008
  29. Analytical Tools for Investigating Stability and Power Generation of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters vol.21, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2015.2469638
  30. Assessing Stability and Predicting Power Generation of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters Using Bridge Vibration Data vol.22, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2016.2618620
  31. Operational modal analysis of historical constructions using commercial wireless platforms vol.10, pp.5, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921710388973
  32. Vibration testing of a steel girder bridge using cabled and wireless sensors vol.5, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-011-0113-y
  33. A Recent Research Summary on Smart Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring vol.19, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2015.19.3.010
  34. Design and Experimental Investigations of a Vibration Based Wireless Measurement System for Bridge Cable Tension Monitoring vol.17, pp.11, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.11.1657
  35. Statistics based localized damage detection using vibration response vol.14, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.2.085
  36. Self-powered triboelectric nano vibration accelerometer based wireless sensor system for railway state health monitoring vol.34, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.036
  37. Evaluation of Soft Clay Field Consolidation Using MEMS-Based In-Place Inclinometer–Accelerometer Array vol.38, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20140048
  38. Structural Health Monitoring of a Tall Building with Huge Floating Platform vol.83, pp.1662-0356, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.83.177
  39. Dynamic Displacement Estimation from Acceleration Measurements Using a Wireless Smart Sensor vol.558, pp.1662-9795, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.558.227
  40. Structural Health Monitoring of Offshore Buoyant Leg Storage and Regasification Platform: Experimental Investigations vol.17, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-018-0013-9
  41. Performance monitoring of the Geumdang Bridge using a dense network of high-resolution wireless sensors vol.15, pp.6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/6/008
  42. Development of a smart wireless sensing unit using off-the-shelf FPGA hardware and programming products vol.3, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2007.3.1.069
  43. Rapid-to-deploy reconfigurable wireless structural monitoring systems using extended-range wireless sensors vol.6, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2010.6.5_6.505
  44. In-construction vibration monitoring of a super-tall structure using a long-range wireless sensing system vol.7, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2011.7.2.083
  45. Hybrid acceleration-impedance sensor nodes on Imote2-platform for damage monitoring in steel girder connections vol.7, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2011.7.5.393
  46. Wireless sensor networks for structure health monitoring: recent advances and future research directions vol.31, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1108/02602281111140038
  47. Implementation of a bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring system vol.8, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2011.8.1.119
  48. Novel sensing techniques for full-scale testing of civil structures vol.6, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-012-0172-8
  49. Vibration measurement and vulnerability analysis of a power plant cooling system vol.11, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2013.11.2.199
  50. A high-frequency sampling monitoring system for environmental and structural applications vol.9, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1145/2489253.2489258
  51. Passive wireless antenna sensor for strain and crack sensing—electromagnetic modeling, simulation, and testing vol.22, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/8/085009
  52. Sensor clustering technique for practical structural monitoring and maintenance vol.5, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2018.5.2.273
  53. A review on sensors and systems in structural health monitoring: current issues and challenges vol.22, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.5.509
  54. Technology Leveraging for Infrastructure Asset Management: Challenges and Opportunities vol.5, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2019.00061
  55. An automated standard-based life cycle quality inspection methodology for smart precast concrete solutions in buildings vol.4, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2019.1627454
  56. Transverse deformation effect on sensitivity of strain-sensing patch antenna vol.16, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720908192
  57. Towards rapid and robust measurements of highway structures deformation using a wireless sensing system derived from wired sensors vol.10, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-020-00385-5
  58. Deep Learning-Based Real-Time Auto Classification of Smartphone Measured Bridge Vibration Data vol.20, pp.9, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092710
  59. Experimental and numerical studies on mechanical behavior of buried pipelines crossing faults vol.75, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.75.1.071
  60. Sponge-Supported Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting from Rail Vibration vol.147, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000751